Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Carangaria
Ordo: Istiophoriformes
Familia: Istiophoridae
Genus: Makaira
Species: M. mazara – M. nigricans
Name
Makaira Lacepède, 1802
References
Lacepède, B.G.E. 1802 (6 Apr.): Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16.
Collette, B.B. , J.R. McDowell, and J.E. Graves 2006: Phylogeny of Recent billfishes (Xiphioidei). Bulletin of Marine Science, 79(3): 455–468.
Parin, N.V. 2003: An annotated catalogue of fish-like vertebrates and fishes of the seas of Russia and adjacent countries: Part 3. Orders Perciformes (excluding suborders Gobioidei, Zoarcoidei and Stichaeoidei) and Tetraodontiformes. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 43 (suppl. 1): S1-S40. [In English.]
Makaira – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Vernacular names
English: Marlin, Spearfish
中文（简体）: 枪鱼属
中文（繁體）: 槍魚屬
Makaira (Latin via Greek: μαχαίρα "sword") is a genus of marlin in the family Istiophoridae. It includes the Atlantic blue and Indo-Pacific blue marlins.[2] In the past, the black marlin was also included in this genus, but today it is placed in its own genus, Istiompax.
Species
Makaira nigricans Lacepède, 1802 (Atlantic blue marlin)
Makaira mazara (Jordan & Snyder, 1901) (Indo-Pacific blue marlin)
Although they are traditionally listed as separate species, recent research indicates that the Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and Indo-Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara) may be parapatric populations of the same species.[2][3]
The following fossil species are also known:[4][5]
†Makaira adensa Gracia et al, 2024 - late Miocene of Italy
†Makaira belgica (Lériche, 1926) - middle Miocene of Belgium, late Miocene of Italy
†Makaira colonense Gracia et al, 2022 - late Miocene of Panama
†Makaira cyclovata Gracia et al, 2024 - late Miocene of Italy
†Makaira fierstini Gracia et al, 2022 - late Miocene of Panama
†Makaira panamense Fierstine, 1978 - late Miocene of Panama
†Makaira purdyi Fierstine, 1999 - Pliocene of North Carolina, USA
†Makaira teretirostris (Rütimeyer, 1857) - early Pliocene of France
Phylogenetic analyses recover these fossil Makaira as together forming a clade more derived than the extant species, despite all of them being extinct.[5]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Makaira.
Collette, B.; Acero, A.; Amorim, A.F.; Boustany, A.; Canales Ramirez, C.; Cardenas, G.; Carpenter, K.E.; de Oliveira Leite Jr.; N.; Di Natale, A.; Die, D.; Fox, W.; Fredou, F.L.; Graves, J.; Guzman-Mora, A.; Viera Hazin, F.H.; Hinton, M.; Juan Jorda, M.; Minte Vera, C.; Miyabe, N.; Montano Cruz, R.; Nelson, R.; Oxenford, H.; Restrepo, V.; Salas, E.; Schaefer, K.; Schratwieser, J.; Serra, R.; Sun, C.; Teixeira Lessa, R.P.; Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E.; Uozumi, Y.; Yanez, E. (2011). "Makaira nigricans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T170314A6743776. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170314A6743776.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Makaira". FishBase. February 2018 version.
Chen, Hui; Chang, Chia-Hao; Sun, Chi-Lu; Shao, Kwang-Tsao; Yeh, Su-Zan; DiNardo, Gerard (2016). "Population Structure of Blue Marlin, Makaira nigricans, in the Pacific and Eastern Indian Oceans". Zoological Studies. 55: e33. doi:10.6620/ZS.2016.55-33. ISSN 1021-5506. PMC 6511819. PMID 31966178.
De Gracia, Carlos; Correa-Metrio, Alex; Carvalho, Mónica; Velez-Juarbe, Jorge; Přikryl, Tomáš; Jaramillo, Carlos; Kriwet, Jürgen (2022-12-31). "Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 20 (1): 1–36. doi:10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959. ISSN 1477-2019.
De Gracia, Carlos; Villalobos‐Segura, Eduardo; Ballen, Gustavo A.; Carnevale, Giorgio; Kriwet, Jürgen (2024). "Phylogenetic patterns in fossil and living billfishes (Istiophoriformes, Istiophoridae): evidence from the Central Mediterranean". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (4). doi:10.1002/spp2.1559. ISSN 2056-2799.
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