Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Classis: Chondrichthyes
Subclassis: Holocephali
Ordo: Chimaeriformes
Subordo: Chimaeroidei
Familia: Callorhinchidae
Subfamilia: Callorhinchinae
Genus: †Ischyodus
Species: †I. avitus – †I. beaumonti – †I. bifurcatus – †I. brevirostris – †I. divaricatus – †I. dolloi – †I. dufrenoyi – †I. egertoni – †I. emarginatus – †I. gubkini – †I. incisus – †I. latus – †I. lonzeensis – †I. minor – †I. monolophus – †I. mortoni – †I. panus – †I. planus – †I. quenstedti – †I. rayhaasi – †I. smockii – †I. thurmanni – †I. townsendi – †I. williamsae – †I. yanshini – †I. zinsmeisteri
Name
†Ischyodus Egerton, 1843
Note: Sometimes placed in †Edaphodontidae
References
Egerton, P.G. 1843. On some new species of fossil chimaeroid fishes, with remarks on their general affinities. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 4: 153–157. BHL. Reference page.
Ischyodus (from Greek: ισχύς ischýs, 'power' and Greek: ὀδούς odoús 'tooth') is an extinct genus of chimaera. It is the most diverse and long-lived chimaera genus, with over 39 species found worldwide spanning over 140 million years from the Middle Jurassic to the Miocene.[1] Complete specimens of I. quenstedti from the Late Jurassic of Germany most closely resemble the genus Callorhinchus amongst living chimaera genera.[2] It is sometimes placed in the "Edaphodontidae", a unclearly defined group of chimaera with an uncertain position within the clade,[1] while other authors place it into Callorhinchidae along with Callorhinchus.[3]
Based on complete specimen, total length is 21 times larger than mesiodistal length of mandibular tooth plate. For example, I. bifurcatus with mandibular plate length of 3.2 in (8.2 cm) possibly belongs 5 ft 8 in (1.72 m) long specimen.[4]
References
Johnson-Ransom, Evan D.; Popov, Evgeny V.; Deméré, Thomas A.; Shimada, Kenshu (October 2018). "The Late Cretaceous Chimaeroid Fish, Ischyodus bifurcatus Case (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali), from California, USA, and Its Paleobiogeographical Significance". Paleontological Research. 22 (4): 364–372. doi:10.2517/2018PR004. ISSN 1342-8144. S2CID 133941390.
Popov, E. V., Duffin, C. J., Tischlinger, H. and Atuchin, A., 2013: Reconstructions of the German Plattenkalk (Late Jurassic) chimaeroid fishes (Holocephali, Chimaeroidei). In, Schwarz, C. and Kriwet, J. eds., Sixth International Meeting on Mesozoic Fishes: Diversification and Diversity Patterns. Abstracts, p. 56. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munich
Otero, Rodrigo; Figueroa Bravo, Constanza; Soto Huenchuman, Paula; Fernández-Collemann, Sara; Valenzuela Toro, Ana; Gutstein, Carolina (2021). "First record of Ischyodus (Chondrichthyes, Holocephali) from the Upper Jurassic of southwestern Gondwana". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 66. doi:10.4202/app.00859.2020. ISSN 0567-7920.
Johnson-Ransom, Evan D.; Popov, Evgeny V.; Deméré, Thomas A.; Shimada, Kenshu (2018-10-01). "The Late Cretaceous Chimaeroid Fish, Ischyodus bifurcatus Case (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali), from California, USA, and Its Paleobiogeographical Significance". Paleontological Research. 22 (4): 364–372. doi:10.2517/2018PR004. ISSN 1342-8144. S2CID 133941390.
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