Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Classis: Chondrichthyes
Subclassis: Elasmobranchii
Infraclassis: Euselachii
Division/Cohort: Neoselachii
Subdivision/Subcohort: Batoidea
Superordo: Batomorphii
Ordo: Myliobatiformes
Subordo: Myliobatoidei
Superfamilia: Dasyatoidea
Familia: Dasyatidae
Subfamilia: Urogymninae
Genus: Himantura
Species (4): H. australis – H. leoparda – H. uarnak – H. undulata
Name
Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837: 400
Type species: Raja sephen uarnak Forsskål, 1775, by subsequent designation by Jordan & Evermann (1896: 82).
References
Primary references
Müller, J. & Henle, F.G.J. 1837. Ueber die Gattungen der Plagiostomen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 3: 394–401, 434.
Additional references
Last, P.R., Naylor, G.J.P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. 2016. A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa 4139(3): 345–368. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.2. Reference page.
Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Naylor, G.J.P. 2016. Three new stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from the Indo–West Pacific. Zootaxa 4147(4): 377–402. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.2. Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Whip Rays
தமிழ்: சாட்டை திருக்கைகள்
ไทย: ปลากระเบน
Himantura is a genus of stingray in the family Dasyatidae that is native to the Indo-Pacific. In a 2016 taxonomic revision, many of the species formerly assigned to Himantura were reassigned to other genera (Brevitrygon, Fluvitrygon, Maculabatis, Pateobatis, Styracura and Urogymnus).[2]
Species
Twelve extant species are currently recognized as valid,[3][4] formerly four or five species.[5]
Himantura alcockii (Annandale, 1909) (Pale-spot whip ray)
Himantura australis (Last, White & Naylor, 2016) (Australian whipray)
Himantura fava (Annandale, 1909) (Honeycomb whipray)
Himantura fluviatilis (Hamilton, 1822) (Ganges whipray)
Himantura krempfi (Chabanaud, 1923) (Marbled freshwater whip ray)
Himantura leoparda (Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008) (Leopard whipray)
Himantura marginata (Blyth, 1860) (Blackedge whipray)
†Himantura menoni (Sahni & Mehrotra, 1981)[6]
Himantura microphthalma (J. T. F. Chen, 1948) (Smalleye whip ray)
Himantura pareh (Bleeker, 1852)
†Himantura souarfortuna (Adnet et al., 2020) [6]
Himantura tutul (Borsa, Durand, K. N. Shen, Arlyza, Solihin & Berrebi, 2013) (Fine-spotted leopard whipray)
Himantura uarnak (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) (Reticulate whipray)
Himantura undulata (Bleeker, 1852) (Honeycomb whipray)
The former contentious species, Himantura tutul[7] has had its validity disputed[8] and has been considered a junior synonym of H. uarnak by the Catalog of Fishes.[9] However, H. tutul was previously confused not with H. uarnak, but with H. leoparda, and subsequently shown to be genetically distinct and reproductively isolated from both H. uarnak and H. leoparda.[10][11][12] Both adult H. leoparda and H. tutul present leopard-like ocellated spots. These are smaller and more numerous in H. tutul.[7][10][11]
Synonyms
Data from: [4]
Himantura alcocki: synonym of Himantura alcockii
Himantura astra: synonym of Maculabatis astra
Himantura bleekeri: synonym of Pateobatis bleekeri
Himantura chaophraya: synonym of Urogymnus polylepis
Himantura chaophrya: synonym of Urogymnus polylepis
Himantura dalyensis: synonym of Urogymnus dalyensis
Himantura draco: synonym of Pateobatis jenkinsii
Himantura fai: synonym of Pateobatis fai
Himantura gerrardi: synonym of Maculabatis gerrardi
Himantura granulata: synonym of Urogymnus granulatus
Himantura heterurus: synonym of Brevitrygon heterura
Himantura hortlei: synonym of Pateobatis hortlei
Himantura imbricata: synonym of Brevitrygon imbricata
Himantura javaensis: synonym of Brevitrygon javaensis
Himantura jenkinsii: synonym of Pateobatis jenkinsii
Himantura lobistoma: synonym of Urogymnus lobistoma
Himantura oxyrhyncha: synonym of Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus
Himantura pacifica: synonym of Styracura pacifica
Himantura pastinacoides: synonym of Maculabatis pastinacoides
Himantura polylepis: synonym of Urogymnus polylepis
Himantura ponapensis: synonym of Urogymnus granulatus
Himantura punctata: synonym of Himantura uarnak
Himantura randalli: synonym of Maculabatis randalli
Himantura schmardae: synonym of Styracura schmardae
Himantura signifer: synonym of Fluvitrygon signifer
Himantura toshi: synonym of Maculabatis toshi
Himantura uarnacoides: synonym of Pateobatis uarnacoides
Himantura walga: synonym of Brevitrygon walga
References
"†Himantura Müller and Henle 1837 (ray)". Fossilworks. Archived from the original on 2023-03-12. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
Last, P.R.; Naylor, G.J.; Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. (2016). "A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights". Zootaxa. 4139 (3): 345–368. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.2. PMID 27470808.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Himantura". FishBase.
Bailly, Nicolas (2014). "Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
Fernando, D.; Brown, R.M.K.; Tanna, A.; Gobiraj, R.; Ralicki, H.; Jockusch, E.L.; Ebert, D.A.; Jensen, K.; Caira, J.N. (2019). "New insights into the identities of the elasmobranch fauna of Sri Lanka". Zootaxa. 4585 (2): 201–238. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.1. PMID 31716166. S2CID 146082424.
"Extinct - valid species | Species | Shark-References". shark-references.com. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
Borsa, P.; Durand, J.-D.; Shen, K.-N.; Arlyza, I.S.; Solihin, D.D.; Berrebi, P. (2013). "Himantura tutul sp. nov. (Myliobatoidae, Dasyatidae), a new ocellated whipray from the tropical Indo-West Pacific, described from its cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequence" (PDF). Comptes Rendus Biologies. 336 (2): 82–92. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2013.01.004. PMID 23608177. S2CID 13204782.
Weigmann, S. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity". Journal of Fish Biology. 88 (3): 837–1037. Bibcode:2016JFBio..88..837W. doi:10.1111/jfb.12874. PMID 26860638.
Eschmeyer, W.N.; R. Fricke; R. van der Laan (24 April 2018). "Catalog of Fishes". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
Arlyza, I.S.; Shen, K.-N.; Solihin, D.D.; Soedharma D.; Berrebi, P.; Borsa, P. (2013). "Species boundaries in the Himantura uarnak species complex (Myliobatiformes : Dasyatidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (1): 429–435. Bibcode:2013MolPE..66..429A. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.023. PMID 23023209. S2CID 17310045.
Borsa, P. (2017). "Comment on 'Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity' by Weigmann (2016)" (PDF). Journal of Fish Biology. 90 (4): 1170–1175. Bibcode:2017JFBio..90.1170B. doi:10.1111/jfb.13235. PMID 28026866.
Philippe Borsa; Collin T. Williams; Ashlie J. McIvor; Thierry B. Hoareau; Michael L. Berumen (2021). "Neotype designation and re-description of Forsskål's reticulate whipray Himantura uarnak". Marine Biodiversity. 51 (2): 28. Bibcode:2021MarBd..51...28B. doi:10.1007/s12526-021-01180-1. hdl:10754/665804. S2CID 255610805.
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