Heteroconger hassi , Photo: Michael Lahanas
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Elopocephalai
Supercohors: Elopocephala
Cohors/Superordo: Elopomorpha
Ordo: Anguilliformes
Subordo: Congroidei
Familia: Congridae
Subfamilia: Heterocongrinae
Genus: Heteroconger
Species: Heteroconger hassi
Name
Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959)
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Ohrfleck-Röhrenaal
English: Black spotted garden eel
日本語: チンアナゴ
The spotted garden eel (Heteroconger hassi) is a species of heteroconger belonging to the family Congridae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific.
Description
The spotted garden eel is a small fish that can reach a maximum length of 40 centimetres (16 in; 1.3 ft). Its body is anguiform (eel-like): long, thin, with a circular cross-section (14 millimetres (0.55 in) in average diameter) and a head of the same diameter as the body. The head appears shortened because the large mouth is close to the also large eyes. Nostrils are small and positioned in the center of the upper lip.
The body is white and covered with many small black spots. The spotted garden eel has three larger distinctive black spots; the first identifies the gills opening and the position of the tiny pectoral fins, the second is located in the central part of the body and the third one surrounds the anus. Juveniles have a very thin black body.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Colony of spotted garden eels at the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
The spotted garden eel is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific from the eastern coasts of Africa including the Red Sea to Polynesia, and south from Japan to New Caledonia.[4]
It lives exclusively in variously sized colonies on sandy bottoms that are exposed to currents, at depths from 15 to 45 meters.[5] It digs a burrow from which emerges about a third of its body pointing their mouths towards the underwater current to catch drifting food.[6]
Biology
As in other heteroconger species, individuals rarely leave their burrow once it is finished, but will move burrows closer together during breeding season until contact between partners is possible. Fertilized eggs and juveniles have a planktonic period before reaching sufficient size to start living in the substrate.[3]
References
Tighe, K.; Smith, D.G.; McCosker, J. (2019). "Heteroconger hassi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T198985A2546860. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T198985A2546860.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
"Heteroconger hassi". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
Castle, P.H.J.; Randall, J.E. (1999). "Revision of Indo-Pacific garden eels (Congridae: Heterocongrinae), with descriptions of five new species". Indo-Pac. Fish. 30.
Lieske, E.; Myers, R. (2009). Coral reef fishes. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691089959.
"Spotted Garden Eel, Heteroconger hassi".
Allen, G.R.; Erdmann, M.V. (2012). Reef fishes of the East Indies. Tropical Reef Research. Vol. I–III. Perth, Australia: University of Hawai'i Press.
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