Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Characiformes
Familia: Distichodontidae
Genera: Belonophago – Congocharax – Distichodus – Dundocharax – Eugnathichthys – Hemigrammocharax – Hemistichodus – Ichthyborus – Mesoborus – Microstomatichthyoborus – Nannaethiops – Nannocharax – Neolebias – Paradistichodus – Paraphago – Phago – Xenocharax
References
Links
Distichodontidae and its species in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Genera of Distichodontidae (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
The Distichodontidae are a family of African freshwater fishes of the order Characiformes.[1]
Two evolutionary grades are found in this family; micropredators (predators of very small organisms like aquatic insect larvae) and herbivores have a nonprotractile upper jaw and a deep to shallow body, while carnivores have a movable upper jaw and an elongated body.[1] Although the herbivores primarily feed on plant material, these species often have omnivorous tendencies. The carnivores include specialized fish-eaters (genus Mesoborus), fin-eaters (Belonophago, Eugnathichthys and Phago) and species that will feed on both whole fish and fins (Ichthyborus). The fin-eaters attack other fish, even ones that are much larger, where they bite off pieces of fins with their sharp teeth.[2][3][4]
The fish in Distichodontidae vary greatly in size among species, with the smallest micropredators being less than 8 cm (3.1 in) in length, and the largest herbivores can reach up to 83 cm (33 in).[5]
Genera
The 17 genera include about 90 species:[6]
Genus Belonophago (two species)
Genus Congocharax (two species)
Genus Distichodus (23 species)
Genus Dundocharax (one species)
Genus Eugnathichthys (three species)
Genus Hemigrammocharax (10 species)
Genus Ichthyborus (four species)
Genus Mesoborus (one species)
Genus Microstomatichthyoborus (two species)
Genus Monostichodus (three species) [7]
Genus Nannaethiops (two species)
Genus Nannocharax (28 species)
Genus Neolebias (11 species)
Genus Paradistichodus (one species)
Genus Paraphago (one species)
Genus Phago (three species)
Genus Xenocharax (two species)
References
Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
Lavoué, S.; M.E.Arnegard; D.L. Rabosky; P.B. McIntyre; D. Arcila; R.P. Vari; M. Nishida (2017). Trophic evolution in African citharinoid fishes (Teleostei: Characiformes) and the origin of intraordinal pterygophagy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 113: 23-32. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.001
Matthes, H. (1961). Feeding Habit of Some Central African Freshwater Fishes. Nature 192: 78–80.
Arroyave, J.; M.L.J. Stiassny (2014). DNA barcoding reveals novel insights into pterygophagy and prey selection in distichodontid fishes (Characiformes: Distichodontidae). Ecology and evolution 4(23): 4534–4542. doi:10.1002/ece3.1321
Weitzman, S.H.; Vari, R.P. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 101. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Distichodontidae". FishBase. October 2011 version.
Musschoot, T. & Snoeks, J. (2016): Re-establishment of the genus Monostichodus Vaillant 1886 (Characiformes, Distichodontidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 90 (3): 1080-1082.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
