Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea
Familia: Sciaenidae
Genus: Ctenosciaena
Species: C. gracilicirrhus – C. peruviana
Name
Ctenosciaena Fowler and Bean, 1923
References
Ctenosciaena – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Ctenosciaena species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Vernacular names
Ctenosciaena is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic and southeastern Pacific Oceans.
Taxonomy
Ctenosciaena was first proposed as a monospecific subgenus of Sciaena in 1923 by the American ichthyologists Henry Weed Fowler and Barton Appler Bean when they described Sciaena (Ctenosciaena) dubia.[1] This taxon was later found to be a junior synonym of Umbrina gracilicirrhus which had been described by the Dutch ichthyologist Jan Marie Metzelaar from the coast of Venezuela.[2] This genus has been placed in the subfamily Sciaeninae by some workers,[3] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.[4]
Etymology
Ctenosciaena is a combination of cteno, from ctenoid and Sciaena as Sciaena dubia seemed to have ctenoid scales, most of which had fallen off the type specimen, Sciaena umbra has cycloid scales.[5]
Species
Ctenosciaena has the following two species classified within it:[6]
Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus (Metzelaar, 1919) (Barbel drum)
Ctenosciaena peruviana Chirichigno F., 1969 (Peruvian barbel drum)
Characteristics
Ctenosciaena barbel drums have an oblong, compressed body with a large head which has a large eye and a moderately large mouth, opening just underneath the snout. There is a small, slender, central barbel on the chin which has no pores and has two pairs of pores beside it. The preoperculum may be smooth or have slight serrations. The dorsal fin has a high spiny part and is deeply incised, the incision separating the spiny and soft-rayed parts. The anal fin has a pair of weak spines. The caudal fin ends in a blunt, angular point. The scales are large ctenoid on the bodyand cycloid on the head. The scales of the lateral line reach to the center of the end of the caudal fin.[7] Both species in the genus have maximum published total lengths of 21 cm (8.3 in).[6]
Distribution and habitat
Ctenosciaena has a Pacific species, C. peruviana, which is found off western South America along the coast of Ecuador and Peru, with records from southern Colombia.[8] It occurs over muddy and rocky bottoms at depths between 20 and 324 m (66 and 1,063 ft),[9] while C. gracilicirrhus is found the Caribbean and Western Atlantic from Nicaragua south to southern Brazil at depths between 10 and 130 m (33 and 427 ft) over sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal waters.[10]
References
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Ctenosciaena". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Cteanosciaena". FishBase. February 2023 version.
"Genus: Ctenosciaena, Barbeled Drum Croaker, Drums". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
Chao, L.; Robertson, R. & Bearez, P. (2020). "Ctenosciaena peruviana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T183559A130910580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T183559A130910580.en. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Ctenosciaena peruviana". FishBase. February 2023 version.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus". FishBase. February 2023 version.
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