Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Notothenioidei
Familia: Nototheniidae
Genus: Cryothenia
Species: C. amphitreta – C. peninsulae
Name
Cryothenia Daniels, 1981
Cryothenia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean.
Taxonomy
Cryothenia was first formally described as a genus in 1981 by Robert A. Daniels when he was describing the new species Cryothenia peninsulae, which he designated as the type species as well as being the only species in the genus then known.[1] Some authorities place this genus in the subfamily Trematominae,[2] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not include subfamilies in the Nototheniidae.[3] The genus name is a compound of cryo, meaning "ice", and thenia, which means "coming from", that is an "icefish".[4]
Species
The recognized species in this genus are:[2]
Cryothenia amphitreta Cziko & C. H. C. Cheng, 2006
Cryothenia peninsulae Daniels, 1981 (pithead)
Characteristics
Cryothenia fishes have an elongate, fusiform body with a flattened head and a large mouth which has the lower jaw protruding and the maxilla extending beyond the front of the eye. The sensory canal on the head have large and obvious pores. There are no tubular scales in either of the two lateral lines, the upper lateral line consists of pored scales and follows the dorsal profile of the body from gill opening to underneath the rear part of the second dorsal fin. A middle lateral line also comprises pored scales and runs along the middle of the flanks from the pectoral fin to base of the caudal fin. Front part of the head does not have scales. They do not have any elongated fin spines or rays. The rounded caudal fin rounded contains 12 branched rays.[5] The maximum recorded total length on this genus was the holotype of C. amphitreta which had a standard length of 261 mm (10.3 in).[6]
Distribution, habitat and biology
Cryothenia are found in the Southern Ocean, with C. peninsulae being found along the west coast Antarctic Peninsula[5] and C. amphitreta only being recorded in the McMurdo Sound,[6] C. peninsulae feed on krill[5] and these fishes are regarded as pelagic or epibenthic. C. amphitreta was found to have blood which contained a high level of antifreeze proteins, but this has not been tested for C. peninsulae.[6]
References
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Nototheniidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2014). Species of Cryothenia in FishBase. February 2014 version.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 465. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 April 2021). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
H.H. Dewitt; P.C. Heemstra; and O. Gon (1990). "Nototheniidae Notothens". In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 9780868102115.
Cziko, P. A. and C.-H. C. Cheng (2006). "A new species of nototheniid (Perciformes: Notothenioidei) fish from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica" (PDF). Copeia. 2006 (4): 752–759. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2006)6[752:ANSONP]2.0.CO;2.
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