Coris julis, Photo: Michael Lahanas
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Labriformes
Familia: Labridae
Genus: Coris
Species: Coris julis
Name
Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Holotype: No types known
Type locality: Genoa, Italy
Original combination: Labrus julis
Synonyms
Anarchichas fusellus Nardo (ex Chiereghini), 1847
Coris festiva (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839)
Coris speciosa (Risso, 1827)
Coris taeniatus Steindachner, 1863
Julis azorensis Fowler, 1919
Julis festiva Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839
Julis giofredi var. argentata Risso, 1810
Julis giofredi var. fuscoviolacea Risso, 1810
Julis julis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Julis mediterranea Risso, 1827
Julis mediterranea var. pallidula Risso, 1827
Julis mediterranea veridula Risso, 1827
Julis melanura Lowe, 1839
Julis speciosa Risso, 1827
Julis vulgaris Fleming, 1828
Julis vulgaris Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839
Labrus cettii Rafinesque, 1810
Labrus giofredi Risso, 1810
Labrus infuscus Walbaum, 1792
Labrus iulis Brünnich, 1768
Labrus keslik Lacepède, 1803
Labrus paroticus Linnaeus, 1758
Labrus perdicaForsskål, 1775
Labrus subfuscus Walbaum (ex Schöpf), 1792
Sparus niloticus Hasselquist, 1762
References
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 284. Open access Reference page.
Parenti, P. & J.E. Randall 2000: An annotated checklist of the species of the Labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 68: 1–97.
Coris julis in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Vernacular names
asturianu: Xulia
български: Морски юнкер
català: Guiula
čeština: Kněžík duhový
Deutsch: Meerjunker
English: Mediterranean Rainbow Wrasse
español: Doncella
euskara: Dontzeila
français: Girelle
galego: júlia / xulia
hrvatski: Knez
italiano: Donzella, Pesce del re
Nederlands: Regenbooglipvis
norsk: Junkergylt
polski: Korys doncela
português: Peixe-rei
tarandíne: Cazze de rre
русский: Морской юнкер
sardu: Cazzurrè
slovenščina: Knez
svenska: Junkergirella
Türkçe: Güneş balığı
українська: Райдужник морський
The Mediterranean rainbow wrasse (Coris julis) is a small, colourful fish in the family Labridae. It can be found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the northeast Atlantic Ocean from Sweden to Senegal (though it is a rare wanderer to the southern British Isles).[3][2] Records of this species south from Senegal and the Cape Verde Islands are actually the closely related Coris atlantica.[2]
It feeds on amphipods, isopods, sea urchins, polychaete, shrimps, and small gastropods.[2]
Description
Female near Livorno (Mediterranean population)
Like many wrasses, C. julis is a sequential hermaphrodite: all start in the smaller initial phase. These initial-phase individuals (both females and males) can turn into the larger secondary-phase males.[4] At a length of about 18 cm (7.1 in), all individuals are secondary-phase males.[2] The maximum length for the species is 25 cm (9.8 in). There is a marked difference in the appearance of the two phases. In the Mediterranean Sea, the secondary-phase male is green, blue, or brown, with white belly, a dark blue spot over the ventral fin, and a bright orange band on the side, while the smaller primary-phase females and males are brown with yellowish sides and white bellies.[5] Populations in the Atlantic differ in colour and genetics from the Mediterranean population, but are maintained in a single species at present.[1][4] If found to be separate, the scientific name Coris festiva (at present considered a synonym of C. julis) is available for the Atlantic population.
Habitat
It is typically found near the shore in places with seagrass or rocks. It is usually found at depths of 0–60 m (0–197 ft), but occurs as deep as 120 m (390 ft).[2]
References
Pollard, D.; Afonso, P. (2010). "Coris julis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T187752A8621739. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T187752A8621739.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Coris julis". FishBase. August 2019 version.
Dr Amanda Young. "Wrasse (British Seas)". British Marine Life Study Society. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
Aurelle, D., Guillemaud, T., Afonso, P., Morato, T., Wirtz, P., Santos, R.S.S., and Cancela, M.L. (2003). Genetic study of Coris julis (Osteichthyes, Perciformes, Labridae) evolutionary history and dispersal abilities. Comptes Rendus Biologies 326(8): 771–785.
Egidio Patrick Louisy Trainito, ed. (2006). Guida all'identificazione dei pesci marini d'Europa e del Mediterraneo. Milan: Il Castello. ISBN 88-8039-472-X.
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