Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Centrarchiformes
Subordo: Cirrhitoidei
Superfamilia: Cirrhitoidea
Familia: Cheilodactylidae
Genus: Cheilodactylus
Species (3): C. fasciatus – C. pixi – C. variegatus
Species (sensu lato, paraphyla, 7): C. brachydactylus – C. ephippium – C. fuscus – C. nigripes – C. rubroabiatus – C. spectabilis – C. vittatus
Name
Cheilodactylus Lacepède, 1803
Synonyms
Clodactylus Rafinesque, 1815 (nom. nud.)
Pteronemus Van der Hoeven, 1855
Trichopterus Gronow in Gray, 1854
References
Cheilodactylus – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Cheilodactylus species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Vernacular names
Cheilodactylus gibbosus
Cheilodactylus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cheilodactylidae, known as morwongs, although this name is not unique to this family. They are found in the temperate waters of the southern hemisphere and in the North Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
Cheilodactylus was first formally described in 1803 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède when he described Cheilodactylus fasciatus which was its type species by monotypy.[1]
The traditional delimitation of the families Cheilodactlidae and Latridae is based on morphological differences, but the reliability of these differences has been called into doubt, and a phylogenetic analyses and genetics have not supported this arrangement. This has led to some authorities suggesting that the majority of species in Cheilodactylidae should be placed in Latridae.[2][3] A result of this rearrangement is that the only species which would remain in Cheilodactylidae are Cheilodactylus fasciatus and C. pixi from southern Africa.[2] This is because these analyses resolved the genus Cheilodactylus as polyphyletic.[2][4] These studies appear to show that most of the species in Cheilodactylus sensu lato instead apparently to belong in several different genera and are not even members of the same family, but how many and their exact delimitation is not clear at present.[2][5][6] The outlier species have been assigned to Chirodactylus, Goniistius, Morwong and Pseudogoniistius, but DNA and morphologic analyses found those species to be nested within Latridae and more derived than the kelpfish, marblefish and the Cheilodactylus type species C. fasciatus.[6][4][2]
The name of the genus is a compound of cheilos meaning “lip”, a reference to the thick, fleshy lips of the adults, and daktylos which means “finger”, a reference to the elongated lower rays on the pectoral fins.[7]
Species
The genus Cheilodactylus sensu lato includes sixteen species, this list shows the genera they have been assigned to under the proposed revised taxonomy:[1][8]
Cheilodactylus
Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lacépède, 1803 (Redfingers)
Cheilodactylus pixi M. M. Smith, 1980 (Barred fingerfin)
Chirodactylus
Cheilodactylus spectabilis F. W. Hutton, 1872 (Red moki)
Goniistius
Cheilodactylus francisi C. P. Burridge, 2004 (Blacktip morwong)
Cheilodactylus gibbosus J. Richardson, 1841 (Western crested morwong)
Cheilodactylus plessisi J. E. Randall, 1983 (Plessis' morwong)
Cheilodactylus quadricornis Günther, 1860
Cheilodactylus rubrolabiatus G. R. Allen & Heemstra, 1976
Cheilodactylus vestitus (Castelnau, 1879) (Crested morwong)
Cheilodactylus vittatus A. Garrett, 1864 (Hawaiian morwong)
Cheilodactylus zebra Döderlein (de), 1883 (Redlip morwong)
Cheilodactylus zonatus G. Cuvier, 1830 (Spottedtail morwong)
Morwong
Cheilodactylus fuscus Castelnau, 1879 (Red morwong)
Cheilodactylus ephippium McCulloch & Waite, 1916 (Painted moki)
Pseudogoniistius
Cheilodactylus nigripes J. Richardson, 1850 (Magpie perch)
References
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Cheilodactylidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
Christopher P. Burridge and Adam J. Smolenski (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Perciformes: Cirrhitoidea) with notes on taxonomy and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30: 118–127. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00157-X.
John E. Randall (2007). Reef and Shore Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. ISBN 1-929054-03-3.
C. P. Burridge and R.W.G. White (2000). "Molecular phylogeny of the antitropical subgenus Goniistius (Perciformes: Cheilodactylidae: Cheilodactylus): evidence for multiple transequatorial divergences and non-monophyly". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 70: 435–458. doi:10.1006/bijl.1999.0413.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Cheilodactylus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
Ludt, W.B.; Burridge, C.P. & Chakrabarty, P. (2019). "A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters". Zootaxa. 585 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (25 February 2021). "Order CENTRARCHIFORMES: Families CENTRARCHIDAE, ELASSOMATIDAE, ENOPLOSIDAE, SINIPERCIDAE, APLODACTYLIDAE, CHEILODACTYLIDAE, CHIRONEMIDAE, CIRRHITIDAE, LATRIDAE, PERCICHTHYIDAE, DICHISTIIDAE, GIRELLIDAE, KUHLIIDAE, KYPHOSIDAE, OPLEGNATHIDAE, TERAPONTIDAE, MICROCANTHIDAE and SCORPIDIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Latridae". FishBase. June 2021 version.
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