Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Characiformes
Familia: Crenuchidae
Subfamilia: Characidiinae
Genus: Characidium
Species: C. alipioi – C. amaila – C. bahiensis – C. bimaculatum – C. boavistae – C. boehlkei – C. bolivianum – C. borellii – C. brevirostre – C. cacah – C. caucanum – C. chancoense – C. chupa – C. clistenesi – C. crandellii – C. declivirostre – C. deludens – C. etheostoma – C. etzeli – C. fasciatum – C. gomesi – C. grajahuensis – C. hasemani – C. heinianum – C. heirmostigmata – C. helmeri – C. interruptum – C. japuhybense – C. kamakan – C. lagosantensis – C. lanei – C. laterale – C. lauroi – C. longum – C. macrolepidotum – C. marshi – C. mirim – C. nana – C. nupelia – C. occidentale – C. oiticicai – C. orientale – C. papachibe – C. pellucidum – C. phoxocephalum – C. pteroides – C. pterostictum – C. purpuratum – C. rachovii – C. roesseli – C. sanctjohanni – C. satoi – C. schindleri – C. schubarti – C. serrano – C. steindachneri – C. stigmosum – C. summus – C. tapuia – C. tenue – C. timbuiense – C. vestigipinne – C. vidali – C. xanthopterum – C. xavante – C. zebra
Name
Characidium Reinhardt, 1867
Type species: Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1867
Synonyms
Chorimycterus Cope, 1894
Jobertina (subgenus of Characidium) Pellegrin, 1909
Microcharax Eigenmann, 1909
Nanognathus Boulenger, 1895
Poecilosomatops (subgenus of Characidium) Fowler, 1906
References
Agudelo-Zamora, H.D., Ortega-Lara, A. & Taphorn, C. 2020. Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae). Zootaxa 4768(2): 249–263. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.2.6 Paywall Reference page.
Melo, M.R.S. & Espindola, V. 2016. Description of a new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada Diamantina plateau, Bahia, and the redescription of Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941. Zootaxa 4196(4): 552–568. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.5. Reference page.
Mendonça, M.B. & Netto-Ferreira, A.L. 2015. New species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Rio Tapajós and Rio Xingu drainages, Pará, Brazil. Zootaxa 4021(1): 187–194. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.1.9. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Netto-Ferreira, A.L.; Birindelli, J.L.O.; Buckup, P.A. 2013: A new miniature species of Characidium Reinhardt (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the headwaters of the rio Araguaia, Brazil. Zootaxa 3664(3): 361–368. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.6 Reference page.
Pucci, M.B., Barbosa, P., Nogaroto, V., Almeida, M.C., Artoni, R.F., Pansonato-Alves, J.C., Foresti, F., Moreira-Filho, O. & Vicari, M. R. 2014. Population differentiation and speciation in the genus Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae): effects of reproductive and chromosomal barriers. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 111(3): 541–553. DOI: 10.1111/bij.12218 Reference page.
Reinhardt, J.T. 1867. Om trende, formeentligt ubeskrevne fisk af characinernes eller Karpelaxenes familie. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Midlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn [Copenhagen]) 1866: 49–68, Pls. 1–2. Reference page.
Zanata, A.M., Ramos, T.P.A. & Oliveira-Silva, L. 2018. A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the rio Parnaíba basin, northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4514(1): 77–86. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.1.6 Paywall Reference page.
Zanata, A.M., Ribeiro, T.C., Araújo-Porto, F.A., Pessali, T.C. & Oliveira-Silva, L. 2020. A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the upper rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zootaxa 4790(3): 505–514. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4790.3.5 Paywall Reference page.
Characidium is a genus of fish in the family Crenuchidae (South American darters). They are mainly found in South America, but C. marshi is from Panama.[1] They are small (less than 10 cm or 4 in long), slender fish that live on the bottom in flowing fresh waters and feed on small animals such as insects.[2]
Species
There are currently 81 recognized species in this genus:[1]
Characidium alipioi Travassos, 1955
Characidium amaila Lujan, Agudelo-Zamora, Taphorn, Booth & López-Fernández, 2013[2]
Characidium bahiense V. G. Almeida, 1971
Characidium barbosai Flausino Junior, Lima, Machado & Melo, 2020
Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941[3]
Characidium boavistae Steindachner, 1915
Characidium boehlkei Géry, 1972
Characidium bolivianum N. E. Pearson, 1924
Characidium borellii Boulenger, 1895
Characidium brevirostre Pellegrin, 1909
Characidium cacah Zanata, Ribeiro, Araújo-Porto, Pessali & Oliveira-Silva, 2020
Characidium caucanum C. H. Eigenmann, 1912
Characidium chancoense Agudelo-Zamora, Ortega-Lara & Taphorn, 2020[4]
Characidium chicoi da Graça, Ota & Domingues, 2019
Characidium chupa L. P. Schultz, 1944
Characidium clistenesi M. R. S. de Melo & Espíndola, 2016[3]
Characidium crandellii Steindachner, 1915
Characidium cricarense Malanski, Sarmento-Soares, Silva-Malanski, Lopes, Ingenito & Buckup, 2019
Characidium declivirostre Steindachner, 1915
Characidium deludens Zanata & Camelier, 2015[5]
Characidium dule Agudelo-Zamora, Tavera, Murillo & Ortega-Lara, 2020
Characidium duplicatum Armbruster, Lujan & Bloom, 2021
Characidium etheostoma Cope, 1872
Characidium etzeli Zarske & Géry, 2001
Characidium fasciatum J. T. Reinhardt, 1867
Characidium gomesi Travassos, 1956
Characidium grajahuense Travassos, 1944
Characidium hasemani Steindachner, 1915
Characidium heinianum Zarske & Géry, 2001
Characidium heirmostigmata da Graça & Pavanelli, 2008
Characidium helmeri Zanata, Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2015[6]
Characidium iaquira Zanata, Ohara, Oyakawa & Dagosta, 2020
Characidium interruptum Pellegrin, 1909
Characidium japuhybense Travassos, 1949
Characidium kalunga Melo, Bouquerel, Masumoto, França & Netto-Ferreira, 2021
Characidium kamakan Zanata & Camelier, 2015[5]
Characidium lagosantense Travassos, 1947
Characidium lanei Travassos, 1967
Characidium laterale (Boulenger, 1895)
Characidium lauroi Travassos, 1949
Characidium litorale Leitão & Buckup, 2014[7]
Characidium longum Taphorn, Montaña & Buckup, 2006
Characidium macrolepidotum (W. K. H. Peters, 1868)
Characidium marshi Breder, 1925
Characidium mirim Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli & Buckup, 2013[8]
Characidium nambiquara Zanata & Ohara, 2020
Characidium nana Mendonça & Netto-Ferreira, 2015[9]
Characidium nupelia da Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup, 2008
Characidium occidentale Buckup & R. E. dos Reis, 1997
Characidium oiticicai Travassos, 1967
Characidium onca M. R. S. de Melo, Mauro César Lambert de Brito Ribeiro & F. C. T. Lima, 2021[10]
Characidium orientale Buckup & R. E. dos Reis, 1997
Characidium papachibe L. A. W. Peixoto & Wosiacki, 2013[11]
Characidium pellucidum C. H. Eigenmann, 1909
Characidium phoxocephalum C. H. Eigenmann, 1912
Characidium pteroides C. H. Eigenmann, 1909
Characidium pterostictum A. L. Gomes, 1947
Characidium pumarinri Teixeira & Melo, 2020
Characidium purpuratum Steindachner, 1882
Characidium rachovii Regan, 1913
Characidium roesseli Géry, 1965
Characidium samurai Zanata & Camelier, 2014[12]
Characidium sanctjohanni Dahl, 1960
Characidium satoi M. R. S. de Melo & Oyakawa, 2015[13]
Characidium schindleri Zarske & Géry, 2001
Characidium schubarti Travassos, 1955
Characidium serrano Buckup & R. E. dos Reis, 1997
Characidium steindachneri Cope, 1878
Characidium stigmosum M. R. S. de Melo & Buckup, 2002
Characidium summum Zanata & Ohara, 2015[14]
Characidium tapuia Zanata, Ramos & Oliveira-Silva, 2018
Characidium tatama Agudelo-Zamora, Tavera, Murillo & Ortega-Lara, 2020
Characidium tenue (Cope, 1894)
Characidium timbuiense Travassos, 1946
Characidium travassosi M. R. S. de Melo, Buckup & Oyakawa, 2016[15]
Characidium vestigipinne Buckup & L. Hahn, 2000
Characidium vidali Travassos, 1967
Characidium wangyapoik Armbruster, Lujan & Bloom, 2021
Characidium xanthopterum Silveira, Langeani, da Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup, 2008
Characidium xavante da Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup, 2008
Characidium zebra C. H. Eigenmann, 1909
References
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Characidium". FishBase. September 2017 version.
Lujan, N.K., Agudelo-Zamora, H., Taphorn, D.C., Booth, P.N. & López-Fernández, H. (2013): Description of a New, Narrowly Endemic South American Darter (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Central Guiana Shield Highlands of Guyana. Copeia, 2013 (3): 454-463.
Melo, M.R.S. & Espíndola, V.C. (2016): Description of a new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and redescription of Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941. Zootaxa, 4196 (4): 552-568.
Agudelo-Zamora, Henry D.; Ortega-Lara, Armando; Taphorn, Donald C. B. (2020-05-01). "Characidium chancoense , a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)". Zootaxa. 4768 (2): 249–263. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4768.2.6. ISSN 1175-5334.
Zanata, A.M. & Camelier, P. (2015): Two new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from northeastern Brazilian coastal drainages. Neotropical Ichthyology, 13 (3): 487-498.
Zanata, A.M., Sarmento-Soares, L.M. & Martins-Pinheiro, R.F. (2015): A new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from coastal rivers in the extreme south of Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4040 (3): 371–383.
Leitão, R.P. & Buckup, P.A. (2014): A New Species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from Coastal Basins of Serra do Mar, Southeastern Brazil. Copeia, 2014 (1): 14-22.
Netto-Ferreira, A.L., Birindelli, J.L.O. & Buckup, P.A. (2013): A new miniature species of Characidium Reinhardt (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the headwaters of the rio Araguaia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3664 (3): 361–368.
Mendonça, M.B. & Netto-Ferreira, A.L. (2015): New species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Rio Tapajós and Rio Xingu drainages, Pará, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4021 (1): 187-194.
Marcelo Roberto Souto de Melo, Mauro César Lambert de Brito Ribeiro, Flávio César Thadeo de Lima, A new, narrowly distributed, and critically endangered species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Distrito Federal, Central Brazil, Neotrop. ichthyol. 19 (01) • 2021, https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0061
Peixoto, L.A.W. & Wosiacki, W.B. (2013): A New Species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Lower Amazon. Copeia, 2013 (1): 52-57.
Zanata, A.M. & Camelier, P. (2014): A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from small coastal drainages in northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the pseudotympanum of some species of the genus. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (2): 333-342.
Melo, M.R.S. & Oyakawa, O.T. (2015): A New Species of Characidium Reinhardt (Characiformes, Crenuchidae) with a Distinctively Dimorphic Male. Copeia, 103 (2): 281-289.
Zanata, A.M. & Ohara, W.M. (2015): A new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from headwaters of rio Pacaás Novos, rio Madeira basin, Rondônia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4021 (2): 368-376.
Melo, M.R.S., Buckup, P.A. & Oyakawa, O.T. (2016): A new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Paraná State, southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (3): e160014.
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