Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea
Familia: Pomacanthidae
Genus: Centropyge
Synonyms (3): Paracentropyge – Sumireyakko – Xiphypops
Species (35): C. abei – C. argi – C. aurantia – C. aurantonotus – C. bicolor - C. bispinosa – C. boylei – C. colini – C. debelius – C. deborae – C. eibli – C. ferrugata – C. fisheri – C. flavipectoralis – C. flavissima – C. heraldi – C. hotumatua – C. interruptus – C. joculator – C. loriculus – C. multicolor – C. multifasciata – C. multispinis – C. nahackyi – C. narcosis – C. nigriocellus – C. nox – C. potteri – C. resplendens – C. shepardi – C. tibicen – C. venusta – C. vrolikii – †C. rotthawi – †C. subconvexa
[source: WoRMS, minus (2) C. acanthops – C. flavicauda
; plus (3) C. deborae – †C. rotthawi – †C. subconvexa
]
Name
Centropyge Kaup, 1860
Gender: feminine [gender endings of specific epithets are currently in disarray]
Primary references
Kaup 1860 Arch. Naturgesch., 26 (1), 140.
References
Bowen, B.W. et al. 2006: Shallow mtDNA coalescence in Atlantic pygmy angelfishes (genus Centropyge) indicates a recent invasion from the Indian Ocean. Journal of heredity, 97(1): 1–12. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esj006
DiBattista, J.D. et al. 2012: Twisted sister species of pygmy angelfishes: discordance between taxonomy, coloration, and phylogenetics. Coral reefs, 31(3): 839–851. DOI: 10.1007/s00338-012-0907-y
[Centropyge and Paracentropyge. The correct spelling of species names.]
Vernacular names
English: Pygmy Angelfishes
ไทย: ปลาสินสมุทรแคระ, ปลาสุดสาครจิ๋ว
Centropyge is a genus of ray-finned fish, marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean.[2] These species do not exceed 15 cm in length and live in haremic structures with one dominant male and multiple females.[2] Although it is hard to identify their gender; females are often shorter and more round finned. Like many other reef fish and all marine angelfish, the species in this genus are protogynous hermaphrodite, meaning that they start their adult lives as females and the dominant individual in a group can change to a male within days. A reversal of this sex change is possible if the social status of the individual changes, it is however a process that requires much more time.[3]
In aquaria
This genus prefer matured reef tanks due to the usually high water quality and the often used "live rock". In nature most species feed on algae, sponges and small benthic invertebrates. Having an abundance of well cured live rock will help to supplement their diet.[4] This is also in the interest of the aquarist, as underfed Centropyge angels may nip at corals and sessile invertebrates.[5] Dwarf angels can be quite shy initially, hiding in corals, caves and crevices but become more outgoing when they have established their territory - if they are kept with appropriate tank mates and in appropriately sized tanks.[6]
Species
There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus:[2]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Centropyge abei G. R. Allen, Young & P. L. Colin, 2006 | Abe's pygmy angelfish | western Pacific Ocean, amongst the islands of Indonesia and Palau |
 |
Centropyge acanthops (Norman, 1922) | Orange-back pygmy angelfish | east coast of Africa, |
 |
Centropyge argi Woods & Kanazawa, 1951 | Cherub pygmy angelfish | the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, North to North Carolina. |
 |
Centropyge aurantia J. E. Randall & Wass, 1974 | Golden pygmy angelfish | the western Pacific Ocean: Indonesia and the Great Barrier Reef. |
 |
Centropyge aurantonotus W. E. Burgess, 1974 | Flame-back pygmy angelfish | southern Caribbean Sea and the coastal waters of Brazil |
 |
Centropyge bicolor (Bloch, 1787) | Bicolor pygmy angelfish | Indo-Pacific region: including East Africa, Southern Japan, Australia, and even Fiji. |
 |
Centropyge bispinosa (Günther, 1860) | Two-spined pygmy angelfish | Indo-Pacific |
 |
Centropyge boylei Pyle & J. E. Randall, 1992 | Peppermint pygmy angelfish | eastern-central Pacific around the Cook Islands and Rarotonga |
| Centropyge cocosensis K. N. Shen, C. W. Chang, Delrieu-Trottin & Borsa, 2016 | Cocos pygmy angelfish [7] | Eastern Indian Ocean: Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island. | |
 |
Centropyge colini Smith-Vaniz & J. E. Randall, 1974 | Cocos-Keeling angelfish | Indo-west Pacific Ocean, including around the Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
| Centropyge debelius Pyle, 1990 | Blue Mauritius pygmy angelfish | Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius, Réunion, and the Aldabra Group (Seychelles). | |
| Centropyge deborae K. N. Shen, H. C. Ho & C. W. Chang, 2012 | Blue velvet pygmy angelfish [8] | Fiji | |
 |
Centropyge eibli Klausewitz, 1963 | Black-tail pygmy angelfish | the Indo-Pacific. |
 |
Centropyge ferrugata J. E. Randall & W. E. Burgess, 1972 | Rusty pygmy angelfish | Western Pacific Ocean |
 |
Centropyge fisheri (Snyder, 1904) | Orange pygmy angelfish | Hawaii. |
 |
Centropyge flavipectoralis J. E. Randall & Klausewitz, 1977 | Yellow-fin pygmy angelfish | Indian Ocean |
 |
Centropyge flavissima (G. Cuvier, 1831) | Lemon-peel pygmy angelfish | Indo-Pacific region |
 |
Centropyge heraldi Woods & L. P. Schultz, 1953 | Yellow pygmy angelfish [7] | Pacific Ocean |
| Centropyge hotumatua J. E. Randall & D. K. Caldwell, 1973 | Black-ear pygmy angelfish | Eastern Pacific: Austral (including Rapa), Pitcairn and Easter islands. | |
 |
Centropyge interrupta (S. Tanaka (I), 1918) | Japanese pygmy angelfish | Ogasawara Islands south of Japan. |
| Centropyge joculator Smith-Vaniz & J. E. Randall, 1974 | Yellow-head pygmy angelfish | Eastern Indian Ocean: Cocos and Christmas Islands. | |
 |
Centropyge loriculus (Günther, 1874) | Flame pygmy angelfish | reefs of Oceania, most common in Marshall, Line, and Cook Islands |
 |
Centropyge multicolor J. E. Randall & Wass, 1974 | Multicolor pygmy angelfish | Pacific Ocean |
 |
Centropyge multispinis (Playfair, 1867) | Dusky pygmy angelfish | tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific |
| Centropyge nahackyi Kosaki, 1989 | Nahacky's pygmy angelfish | Eastern Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll. Strays reported from the Hawaiian Islands. | |
| Centropyge narcosis Pyle & J. E. Randall, 1993 | Narc pygmy angelfish | Cook Islands | |
| Centropyge nigriocellus Woods & L. P. Schultz, 1953 | Black-spot pygmy angelfish | Pacific Ocean near American Samoa; Cook Islands; Guam; Kiribati (Phoenix Is.); Marshall Islands; Micronesia, Federated States of ; Nauru; New Caledonia; Northern Mariana Islands; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Tokelau; Tuvalu; United States Minor Outlying Islands (Howland-Baker Is., Johnston I., US Line Is.) | |
| Centropyge nox (Bleeker, 1853) | Midnight pygmy angelfish | Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia | |
 |
Centropyge potteri (D. S. Jordan & Metz, 1912) | Russet pygmy angelfish | Johnston Atoll and the Hawaiian Islands in the central Pacific Ocean |
| Centropyge resplendens Lubbock & Sankey, 1975 | Resplendent pygmy angelfish | Ascension Island | |
 |
Centropyge shepardi J. E. Randall & Yasuda, 1979 | Mango pygmy angelfish | Northern Marianas Islands, Guam, and the Ogasawara Islands. |
 |
Centropyge tibicen (G. Cuvier, 1831) | Key-hole pygmy angelfish | Indo-Pacific |
 |
Centropyge venusta (Yasuda & Tominaga, 1969) | Purple-mask pygmy angelfish | Western Pacific |
 |
Centropyge vrolikii (Bleeker, 1853) | Pearl-scale angelfish | Indo-West Pacific area |
| Centropyge woodheadi Kuiter, 1998 | Black-fin pygmy angelfish [7] | Southwestern Pacific: from the Great Barrier Reef to the Gambier archipelago. |
References
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Pomacanthidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Centropyge". FishBase. October 2016 version.
Hioki, S. & Suzuki, K. (1996): Sex changing from male to female on the way of protogynous process in three Centropyge angelfishes (Pomacanthidae: Teleostei). Bulletin of the Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University, 17: 27–34.
Thomasser, A. Reef Safari! Keeping Multibarred Angelfish. WetWebMedia.
Hauter, S. & Hauter, D. (2016): Reef Tank Safe Angelfish. Archived 2009-05-30 at the Wayback Machine Saltaquarium.
Fenner, R. Perfect Little Angels, Genus Centropyge. WetWebMedia.
Shen, K.-N., Chang, C.-W., Delrieu-Trottin, E. & Borsa, P. (2016): Lemonpeel (Centropyge flavissima) and yellow (C. heraldi) pygmy angelfishes each consist of two geographically isolated sibling species. Marine Biodiversity, 47 (3): 831-845.
Shen, K.-N., Ho, H.-C. & Chang, C.-W. (2012): The Blue Velvet Angelfish Centropyge deborae sp. nov., a New Pomacanthid from the Fiji Islands, Based on Genetic and Morphological Analyses. Archived 2019-08-03 at the Wayback Machine Zoological Studies, 51 (3): 415-423.
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