Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Classis: Chondrichthyes
Subclassis: Elasmobranchii
Infraclassis: Euselachii
Division/Cohort: Neoselachii
Subdivision/Subcohort: Selachimorpha
Superordo: Galeomorphii
Ordo: Carcharhiniformes
Familia: Carcharhinidae
Genus: Carcharhinus
Species (35): C. acronotus - C. albimarginatus - C. altimus - C. amblyrhynchoides - C. amblyrhynchos - C. amboinensis - C. borneensis - C. brachyurus - C. brevipinna – †C. caquetius – C. cautus – C. coatesi – C. dussumieri - C. falciformis - C. fitzroyensis - C. galapagenisis - C. hemiodon – C. humani – C. isodon - C. leiodon - C. leucas - C. limbatus - C. longimanus - C. macloti – C. macrops – C. melanopterus - C. obscurus – C. obsolerus – C. perezii - C. plumbeus - C. porosus - C. sealei - C. signatus - C. sorrah - C. tilstoni – C. tjutjot – C. wheeleri
Name
Carcharhinus de Blainville, 1816
Type species: Carcharias melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Synonyms
Aprion (subgenus of Carcharias) Müller & Henle, 1839
Carcharias (Aprion) Müller & Henle, 1839
Aprionodon Gill, 1861
Bogimba (subgenus of Galeolamna) Whitley, 1943
Galeolamna (Bogimba) Whitley, 1943
Eulamia Gill, 1862
Galeolamna Owen, 1853
Galeolamnoides Whitley, 1934
Gillisqualus Whitley, 1934
Gymnorhinus Ehrenberg in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899
Hypoprion (subgenus of Carcharias) Müller & Henle, 1838
Carcharias (Hypoprion) Müller & Henle, 1838
Lamnarius (subgenus of Galeolamna) Whitley, 1943
Galeolamna (Lamnarius) Whitley, 1943
Longmania Whitley, 1939
Platypodon Gill, 1862
Uranga Whitley, 1943
Uranganops (subgenus of Galeolamna) Whitley, 1943
Galeolamna (Uranganops) Whitley, 1943
References
Primary references
de Blainville, H. 1816. Bull. Sci. Soc. philom. Paris, 121; 1816, J. Physique, 83, 264.
Additional references
Driggers, W.B., III et al. 2011. Validating the occurrence of Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi (Poey), (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes) in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with a key for sharks of the family Carcharhinidae inhabiting the region. Zootaxa 2933: 65–68. Preview
White, W.T. 2012. A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae). Zootaxa 3241: 1–34. Preview Reference page.
Links
Carcharhinus and its species (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Carcharhinus species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Vernacular names
magyar: Szirticápák, korallcápák
日本語: メジロザメ属
Carcharhinus amboinensis
Carcharhinus is the type genus of the family Carcharhinidae, the requiem sharks. One of 12 genera in its family, it contains over half of the species therein. It contains 35 extant and eight extinct species to date, with likely more species yet to be described.[3]
Species
Extant
| Genus Carcharhinus Blainville 1816 - 35 extant species | |||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Geographic range | Conservation status IUCN Red List |
Length | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blacknose shark | Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860) |
 |
Endangered | 1.3 m (4.3 ft) |  |
| Silvertip shark | Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell, 1837) |
 |
Vulnerable | 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft) |
 |
| Bignose shark | Carcharhinus altimus (S. Springer, 1950) |
 |
Near threatened | 2.7–2.8 m (8.9–9.2 ft) possibly 3 m (9.8 ft) |
 |
| Graceful shark | Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934) |
 |
Vulnerable | 1.7 m (5.6 ft) |  |
| Grey reef shark | Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) |
 |
Endangered | Mostly less than 1.9 m (6.2 ft) maximum 2.6 m (8.5 ft) |
 |
| Pigeye shark | Carcharhinus amboinensis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Vulnerable | 1.9–2.5 m (6.2–8.2 ft) max. 2.8 m (9.2 ft) |
 |
| Borneo shark | Carcharhinus borneensis (Bleeker, 1858) |
 |
Critically endangered | 0.7 m (2.3 ft) | |
| Copper shark | Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) |
 |
Vulnerable | 3.3 m (11 ft) |  |
| Spinner shark | Carcharhinus brevipinna (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Vulnerable | 2 m (6.6 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft) |
 |
| Nervous shark | Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley, 1945) |
 |
Least concern | 1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft) possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft) |
 |
| Pacific smalltail shark | Carcharhinus cerdale (C. H. Gilbert, 1898) |
 |
Critically endangered | 1.4 m (4.6 ft) |  |
| Australian blackspot shark | Carcharhinus coatesi (Whitley, 1939) |
Least concern | 0.8 m (2.6 ft) |  |
|
| Whitecheek shark | Carcharhinus dussumieri (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Endangered | 1 m (3.3 ft) |  |
| Silky shark | Carcharhinus falciformis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Vulnerable | 2.5 m (8.2 ft) maximum 3.3 m (11 ft) |
 |
| Creek whaler | Carcharhinus fitzroyensis (Whitley, 1943) |
 |
Least concern | 1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft) possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft) |
 |
| Galapagos shark | Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905) |
 |
Least concern | 3 m (9.8 ft) maximum 3.3 m (11 ft) |
 |
| Pondicherry shark | Carcharhinus hemiodon (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Critically endangered | 1 m (3.3 ft) |  |
| Human's whaler shark | Carcharhinus humani (W. T. White & Weigmann, 2014) |
Data deficient | 0.8 m (2.6 ft) | ||
| Finetooth shark | Carcharhinus isodon (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Near threatened | 1.6–1.7 m (5.2–5.6 ft) maximum 1.9 m (6.2 ft) |
 |
| Smoothtooth blacktip shark | Carcharhinus leiodon (Garrick, 1985) |
 |
Endangered | 1.2 m (3.9 ft) |  |
| Bull shark | Carcharhinus leucas (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Vulnerable | 2.3–2.4 m (7.5–7.9 ft) maximum 3.6–4.0 m (11.8–13.1 ft) |
 |
| Blacktip shark | Carcharhinus limbatus (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Vulnerable | 1.5 m (4.9 ft) maximum 2.6 m (8.5 ft) |
 |
| Oceanic whitetip shark | Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861) |
 |
Critically endangered | 3 m (9.8 ft) |  |
| Hardnose shark | Carcharhinus macloti (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Near threatened | 1.1 m (3.6 ft) |  |
| Blacktip reef shark | TCarcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) |
 |
Vulnerable | 1.6 m (5.2 ft) maximum 1.8 m (5.9 ft) |
 |
| Dusky shark | Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818) |
 |
Endangered | 3.2 m (10 ft) maximum 4.0 m (13.1 ft) |
 |
| Lost shark[4] | Carcharhinus obsolerus (White, Kyne, & Harris, 2019) |
Critically endangered (possibly extinct) | 0.37–0.43 m (15–17 in) (juvenile length only) |
||
| Caribbean reef shark | Carcharhinus perezi (Poey, 1876) |
 |
Endangered | 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft) |
 |
| Sandbar shark | Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) |
 |
Endangered | 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) |  |
| Smalltail shark | Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839) |
 |
Critically endangered | 0.9–1.1 m (3.0–3.6 ft) maximum 1.5 m (4.9 ft) |
 |
| Blackspot shark | Carcharhinus sealei (Pietschmann, 1913) |
 |
Vulnerable | 1 m (3.3 ft) |  |
| Night shark | Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868) |
 |
Endangered | 2 m (6.6 ft) maximum 2.8 m (9.2 ft) |
 |
| Spot-tail shark | Carcharhinus sorrah (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
 |
Near threatened | 1.6 m (5.2 ft) |  |
| Australian blacktip shark | Carcharhinus tilstoni (Whitley, 1950) |
 |
Least concern | 1.5–1.8 m (4.9–5.9 ft) maximum 2 m (6.6 ft) |
 |
| Indonesian whaler shark | Carcharhinus tjutjot (Bleeker, 1852) |
Vulnerable | 0.9 m (3.0 ft) |  |
T Type species
Fossil
| Age | Species | Authority | Formation | Location | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montehermosan | †C. egertoni | Agassiz 1843 | Onzole | Ecuador | [5] | |
| Pliocene | Luanda | Angola | ||||
| Villamagna | Italy | |||||
| Huayquerian | Camacho | Uruguay | ||||
| Late Miocene | Penedo | Portugal | ||||
| Middle Miocene | Sekinobana | Japan | ||||
| Suso | ||||||
| Hannoura | ||||||
| Langhian | Higashi-innai | |||||
| Colhuehuapian | Pirabas | Brazil | [6] | |||
| Burdigalian | Calvert | Maryland | [5] | |||
| Early Miocene | Baripada | India | ||||
| Early Piacenzian | †C. priscus | Agassiz 1843 | Oosterhout | Netherlands | [7] | |
| Montehermosan | Onzole | Ecuador | ||||
| Pliocene | Luanda | Angola | ||||
| Hemphillian | Curré | Costa Rica | ||||
| Huayquerian | Pisco | Peru | ||||
| Late Miocene | Penedo | Portugal | ||||
| Uscari | Costa Rica | |||||
| Fujina | Japan | |||||
| Takakubo | ||||||
| Badenian | Hrušky | Czech Republic | ||||
| Korytnica | Poland | |||||
| Serravallian | Moulin de Débat | France | ||||
| Kurahara | Japan | |||||
| Wajimazaki | ||||||
| Horimatsu | ||||||
| Middle Miocene | Sekinobana | |||||
| Suso | ||||||
| Hannoura | ||||||
| Maenami | ||||||
| Langhian | Higashi-innai | |||||
| Florianer Schichten | Austria | |||||
| Grund | ||||||
| Weissenegg | ||||||
| Middle Miocene | Punta Judas | Costa Rica | ||||
| Burdigalian | Dera Bugti | Pakistan | ||||
| Dam | Saudi Arabia | |||||
| Colhuehuapian | Pirabas | Brazil | [6] | |||
| Aquitanian | Trent | North Carolina | [7] | |||
| Early Miocene | Filakovo | Slovakia | ||||
| Chasicoan | †C. caquetius | Carrillo Briceño et al. 2015 | Urumaco | Venezuela |  |
[8] |
| Santacrucian | †C. ackermani | Santos & Travasos 1960 | Cantaure | Venezuela | [9][10] | |
| Colhuehuapian | Pirabas | Brazil | [6] | |||
| Burdigalian | †C. gibbesi | Woodward 1889 | Trent | North Carolina |  |
[2][11] |
| Chattian | Chandler Bridge | South Carolina | ||||
| Priabonian | Clinchfield | Georgia | ||||
| Yazoo | Alabama Louisiana |
|||||
| Jackson Gp. | Arkansas | |||||
| Bartonian | Gosport Sand | Alabama | ||||
| Moodys Branch | Louisiana Mississippi |
|||||
| Lutetian | Crockett | Texas | ||||
| Rupelian | †C. balochenisis | Adnet et al. 2007 | Chitarwata | Pakistan | [12][13] | |
| Rupelian | †C. perseus | Adnet et al. 2007 | Chitarwata | Pakistan | [12][14] | |
| Minqar Tabaghbagh | Egypt | |||||
| Bartonian | †C. nigeriensis | White 1926 | Ameki | Nigeria | [15][16] |
See also
List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera
References
Carrier, J.C.; J.A. Musick & M.R. Heithaus (2004). Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-8493-1514-X.
Cicimurri & Knight, 2009
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Carcharhinus". FishBase. February 2011 version.
Harris et al., 2019
Carcharhinus egertoni at Fossilworks.org
De Aráujo Távora et al., 2010
Carcharhinus priscus at Fossilworks.org
Carrillo Briceño et al., 2015
Aguilera & De Aguilera, 2001
C. ackermani at Fossilworks.org
C. gibbesi at Fossilworks.org
Adnet et al., 2007
C. balochenisis at Fossilworks.org
C. perseus at Fossilworks.org
C. nigeriensis at Fossilworks.org
Halstead & Middleton, 1974
Bibliography
Adnet, S.; Antoine, P.-O.; Hassan Baqri, S.R.; Crochet, J.; Marivaux, L.; Welcomme, J.; Métais, G. (2007). "New tropical carcharhinids (chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene–early Oligocene of Balochistan, Pakistan: Paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic implications". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 30: 303–323. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
Aguilera, Ó; De Aguilera, D. (2001). "An exceptional coastal upwelling fish assemblage in the Caribbean Neogene". Journal of Paleontology. 75: 732–742. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
De Araújo Távora, Vladimir; Rodrigues dos Santos, André Augusto; Neto Araújo, Raphael (2010). "Localidades fossilíferas da Formação Pirabas (Mioceno Inferior)" (PDF). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. 5: 207–224. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Maxwell, Erin; Aguilera, Órangel A.; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2015). "Sawfishes and Other Elasmobranch Assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, Northwestern Venezuela)". PLoS ONE. 10 (10): e0139230. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
Cicimurri, D.J.; Knight, J.L. (2009). "Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54: 627–647. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
Halstead, L.B.; Middleton, J.A. (1974). "New material of the archaeocete whale Pappocetus lugardi Andrews, from the middle Eocene of Nigeria". Journal of Mining and Geology. 8: 81–85.
Harris, Mark; Kyne, Peter M.; White, William T. (2019). "Lost before found: A new species of whaler shark Carcharhinus obsolerus from the Western Central Pacific known only from historic records". PLoS ONE. 14 (1): e0209387. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
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