Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Percoidei
Superfamilia: Percoidea
Familia: Carangidae
Genera (30): Alectis - Alepes - Atropus - Atule - Campogramma - Carangoides - Caranx - Chloroscombrus - Decapterus - Elagatis - Gnathanodon - Hemicaranx - Lichia - Megalaspis - Naucrates - Oligoplites - Pantolabus - Parastromateus - Parona - Pseudocaranx - Scomberoides - Selar - Selaroides - Selene - Seriola - Seriolina - Trachinotus - Trachurus - Ulua - Uraspis
Name
Carangidae Rafinesque, 1815
References
Rafinesque, C.S. 1815. Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Palerme: L'Imprimerie de Jean Barravecchia. 224 pp. BHL Reference page.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2006. FishBase, version (02/2006). [1]
Griffin, L.T. 1932: A revision of the carangid and seriolid fishes of New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 1(3): 123–134, plates 18-24. [Publication date: 23 September 1932]
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Koningvisse
беларуская: Стаўрыдавыя
čeština: Kranasovití
Deutsch: Stachelmakrelen
English: Kingfishes
suomi: Piikkimakrillit
magyar: Tüskésmakréla-félék
Bahasa Indonesia: Selar
italiano: Carangidi
日本語: アジ科
lietuvių: Stauridinės
Nederlands: Horsmakrelen
svenska: Taggmakriller
ไทย: ปลาหางแข็ง, ปลาสำลี, ปลากะมง, ปลาโฉมนาง, ปลาจะละเม็ดดำ
The Carangidae are a family of ray-finned fish that includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, runners, trevallies, and scads. It is the largest of the six families included within the order Carangiformes. Some authorities classify it as the only family within that order but molecular and anatomical studies indicate that there is a close relationship between this family and the five former Perciform families which make up the Carangiformes.[1]
They are marine fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Most species are fast-swimming predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above reefs and in the open sea; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates.[2]
The largest fish in the family, the greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, grows up to 2 m in length; most fish in the family reach a maximum length of 25–100 cm.
The family contains many important commercial and game fish, notably the Pacific jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, and the other jack mackerels in the genus Trachurus.[2]
Many genera have fairly extensive fossil records, particularly Caranx and Seriola, which extend into the early Paleogene (late Thanetian), and are known from whole and incomplete specimens, skeletal fragments, and otoliths. The several extinct genera include Archaeus, Pseudovomer, and Eastmanalepes.
Subfamilies and genera
Ceratoichthys, a bizarre extinct carangid in the subfamily Vomeropsinae
The family Carangidae is subdivided into the following subfamilies and genera:[1][3]
Genus †Archaeus Agassiz, 1844 (formerly placed in invalid subfamily Archaeinae)[4]
Genus †Belgocaranx Taverne, Simaeys & Steurbaut, 2006[5]
Genus †Carangidarum [otolith]
Genus †Paratrachinotus Blot, 1969
Genus †Trachicaranx Daniltshenko, 1968 (=Uylyaichthys Prokofiev, 2002)[6]
Subfamily Trachinotinae Gill, 1861[7]
Genus Lichia Cuvier, 1816
Genus Trachinotus Lacepède, 1801
Subfamily Scomberoidinae Gill, 1890[7]
Genus Oligoplites Gill, 1863
Genus Parona C. Berg, 1895
Genus Scomberoides Lacepède, 1801
Genus †Quasioligoplites Bannikov, 1995[8]
Subfamily Naucratinae Bleeker, 1859[7]
Genus Campogramma Regan, 1903
Genus Elagatis F.D. Bennett, 1840
Genus Naucrates Rafinesque, 1810
Genus Seriola Bleeker, 1854
Genus Seriolina Wakiya, 1924
Subfamily Caranginae Rafinesque, 1815[7]
Genus Alectis Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Alepes Swainson, 1839
Genus Atropus Oken, 1817
Genus Atule D.S. Jordan & E.K. Jordan, 1922
Genus Carangoides Bleeker, 1851
Genus Caranx Lacepède, 1801
Genus Chloroscombrus Girard, 1858
Genus Decapterus Bleeker, 1851
Genus Gnathodon Bleeker, 1850
Genus Hemicaranx Bleeker, 1862
Genus Megalaspis Bleeker, 1851
Genus Pantolabus Whitley, 1931
Genus Parastromateus Bleeker, 1864
Genus Pseudocaranx Bleeker, 1863
Genus Selar Bleeker, 1851
Genus Selaroides Bleeker, 1851
Genus Selene Lacepède, 1802
Genus Trachurus Rafinesque, 1810
Genus Ulua D.S. Jordan & Snyder, 1908
Genus Uraspis Bleeker, 1855
Genus †Eastmanalepes Bannikov, 1984
Genus †Eothynnus Woodward, 1901
Genus †Pseudovomer Sauvage, 1870
Genus †Teratichthys Koenig, 1825
†Vomeropsinae Bannikov, 1984[9]
†Ceratoichthys Blot, 1969
†Vomeropsis Heckel, 1854
See also
There are a great many fish called trevallies, most of which belong to the Carangidae. For articles on them, see All pages with titles containing Trevally.
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carangidae.
Wikispecies has information related to Carangidae.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 380–387. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Carangidae". FishBase. August 2019 version.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Carangidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
Bannikov, A. F.; Erebakan, I. G. (2023-04-01). "A New Species of Horse Mackerel Fish of the Genus Archaeus (Carangidae, Percomorpha) from the Lower Oligocene of the North Caucasus". Paleontological Journal. 57 (2): 199–205. doi:10.1134/S0031030123020041. ISSN 1555-6174.
Taverne, Louis; Simaeys, Stefaan van; Steurbaut, Etienne (2006). "Belgocaranx luypaertsi gen. and sp. nov., a new skeleton-based Carangid Fish from the Boom Clay (Rupelian, Early Oligocene) at Kallo (N. Belgium)". Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique - Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. 76: 119–130.
Bannikov, Alexander (2009). Fossil Vertebrates of Russia and Adjacent Countries. Fossil Acanthopterygians Fishes (Teleostei, Acanthopterygii) (in Russian). GEOS, Moscow.
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
Bannikov, Alexander (1995). "A NEW MIDDLE EOCENE GENUS OF CARANGID FISHES (PERCIFORMES) FROM THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS" (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 29 (2).
Bannikov, Alexander F. (1984). "The New Subfamily of Carangid Fishes". Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca. IV: 319–321.
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