Proctoporus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Cladus: Unidentata Episquamata

Subordo: Lacertoidea
Superfamilia: Gymnophthalmoidea

Familia: Gymnophthalmidae
Subfamilia: Cercosaurinae
Tribus: Cercosaurini
Genus: Proctoporus
Species (17): P. bolivianus – P. carabaya – P. cephalolineatus – P. chasqui – P. guentheri – P. iridescens – P. kiziriani – P. lacertus – P. laudahnae – P. machupicchu – P. oreades – P. pachyurus – P. rahmi – P. spinalis – P. sucullucu – P. unsaacae – P. xestus
Name

Proctoporus Tschudi, 1845: 161

Type species: Proctoporus pachyurus Tschudi, 1845, by monotypy.
References
Primary references

Tschudi, J.J. von 1845. Reptilium conspectus quae in republica Peruana reperiuntur er pleraque observata vel collecta sunt in itenere. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 11(1): 150–170. BHL

Additional references

Köhler, G. & Lehr, E. 2004. Comments on Euspondylus and Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Peru, with the description of three new species and a key to the Peruvian species. Herpetologica 60(4): 501–518. DOI: 10.1655/03-93 Reference page.
Doan, T.M. & Castoe, T.A. 2005. Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143(3): 405–416. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x Reference page.
Doan, T.F., Castoe, T.A. & Arizábal Arriaga, W. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Proctoporus sensu stricto (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with a new species from Puno, Southeastern Peru. Herpetologica 61(3): 325–336. DOI: 10.1655/04-81.1 Reference page.
Chávez, G., Siu-Ting, K., Duran, V. & Venegas, P.J. 2011. Two new species of Andean gymnophthalmid lizards of the genus Euspondylus (Reptilia, Squamata) from central and southern Peru. ZooKeys 109: 1–17. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.109.1304 Reference page.
Goicoechea, N., Padial, J.M., Chaparro, J.C., Castroviejo-Fisher, S. & de la Riva, I. 2012. Molecular phylogenetics, species diversity, and biogeography of the Andean lizards of the genus Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(3): 953-964. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.017 Reference page.
Goicoechea, N., Padial, J.M., Chaparro, J.C., Castroviejo-Fisher, S. & de la Riva, I. 2013. A taxonomic revision of Proctoporus bolivianus Werner (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of three new species and resurrection of Proctoporus lacertus Stejneger. American Museum Novitates 3786: 1–32. handle. Reference page.
Mamani, L., Goicoechea, N. & Chaparro, J.C. 2015. A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 9(1) [Special Section]: 1–11. BHL Reference page.
Torres-Carvajal, O., Lobos, S.E., Venegas, P.J., Chávez, G., Aguirre-Peñafiel, V., Zurita, D. & Echevarría, L.Y. 2016. Phylogeny and biogeography of the most diverse clade of South American gymnophthalmid lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99: 63–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.006 Reference page.

Links

Uetz, P. & Hallermann, J. 2021. Proctoporus . The Reptile Database. Accessed on 23 March 2018.

Vernacular names
English: Lightbulb Lizards

Proctoporus is a genus of medium-sized lizards (snout-vent length between 2.7 centimetres or 1.1 inches and 7.8 centimetres or 3.1 inches) assigned to the family Gymnophthalmidae. Species in the genus Proctoporus occur in Yungas forests and wet montane grasslands on the upper edge of the Amazonian forest, between 1,000 and 4,000 metres (3,300 and 13,100 ft) elevation, from Central Peru in the north to Central Bolivia in the south.[1]

Taxonomy
Relationships between the species assigned to Proctoporus. Note several new species that were previously assigned to P. bolivianus, but need to be split off based on genetic analysis
Species

The following 17 species are recognized as being valid.[2]

Proctoporus bolivianus F. Werner, 1910 – Bolivian lightbulb lizard
Proctoporus carabaya Goicoechea, Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher & De la Riva, 2013
Proctoporus cephalolineatus García-Pérz & Yustiz, 1995
Proctoporus chasqui (Chávez, Siu-Ting, Duran & Venegas, 2011)
Proctoporus guentheri (Boettger, 1891) – Günther's lightbulb lizard
Proctoporus iridescens Goicoechea, Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher & De la Riva, 2013
Proctoporus kiziriani Goicoechea, Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher & De la Riva, 2013
Proctoporus lacertus (Stejneger, 1913)
Proctoporus laudahnae (G. Köhler & Lehr, 2004)
Proctoporus machupicchu Mamani, Goicoechea & Chaparro, 2015 – Machu Picchu Andean lizard
Proctoporus oreades Chávez, Siu-Ting, Duran & Venegas, 2011
Proctoporus pachyurus Tschudi, 1845 - Tschudi's lightbulb lizard
Proctoporus rahmi (De Grijs, 1936) - Rahm's sun tegu
Proctoporus spinalis (Boulenger, 1911) - Boulenger's sun tegu
Proctoporus sucullucu Doan & Castoe, 2003
Proctoporus unsaacae Doan & Castoe, 2003
Proctoporus xestus (Uzzell, 1969) - river teiid

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Proctoporus.
References

Goicoechea N, Padial JM, Chaparro JC, Castroviejo-Fisher S, De la Riva I (2012). "Molecular phylogenetics, species diversity, and biogeography of the Andean lizards of the genus Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (3): 953–964. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.017. PMID 22982151.

Genus Proctoporus at The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.