Homalopsidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Cladus: Unidentata, Episquamata
Cladus: Toxicofera
Subordo: Serpentes
Infraordo: Caenophidia
Superfamilia: Homalopsoidea

Familia: Homalopsidae
Genera (29): Bitia – Brachyorrhos – Calamophis – Cantoria – Cerberus – Dieurostus – Djokoiskandarus – Enhydris – Erpeton – Ferania – Fordonia – Gerarda – Gyiophis – Heurnia – Homalophis – Homalopsis – Hypsiscopus – Karnsophis – Kualatahan – Mintonophis – Miralia – Myanophis – Myron – Myrrophis – Phytolopsis – Pseudoferania – Raclitia – Subsessor – Sumatranus

Name

Homalopsidae Bonaparte, 1845: 5

Type genus: Homalopsis Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822, by subseuent designation.
References
Primary references

Bonaparte, C.L.P. 1845. Specchio generale dei sistemi erpetologico,anfibiologico ed ittiologico. Atti della Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani 6: 376–378.

Additional references

Vidal, N., Delmas, A.-S., David, P., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. & Hedges, S.B. 2007. The phylogeny and classification of caenophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear protein-coding genes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 330(2): 182–187. DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2006.10.001 Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Murphy, J.C. 2011. The Nomenclature and Systematics of some Australasian Homalopsid Snakes (Squamata: Serpentes: Homalopsidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59(2): 229–236. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Biju Kumar, A., Sanders, K.L., George, S. & Murphy, J.C. 2012. The status of Eurostus dussumierii and Hypsirhina chinensis (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes): with comments on the origin of salt tolerance in homalopsid snakes. Systematics and Biodiversity 10(4): 479–489. DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2012.751940 Reference page.
Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. 2013. An Unusual, Fangless Short-tailed Snake (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian Herpetological Research 4(2): 140–146. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00140 Reference page.
Pyron, R.A., Burbrink, F.T. & Wiens, J.J. 2013. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13(93): 1–53. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-93 Open access. ResearchGate Open access. Reference page.
Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. 2014. A Checklist and Key to the Homalopsid Snakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), with the Description of New Genera. Fieldiana: Life and Earth Sciences 8: 1–43. Reference page.

The Homalopsidae are a family of snakes which contains about 30 genera and more than 50 species. They are commonly known as Indo-Australian water snakes, mudsnakes, or bockadams. They are also known as ular air (lit. "water snake") in Indonesian. They are typically stout-bodied water snakes, and all are mildly venomous. Two monotypic genera are notable for their unusual morphology: Erpeton possesses a pair of short, fleshy appendages protruding from the front of the snout, and Bitia has uniquely enlarged palatine teeth. Cerberus species have been noted to use sidewinding to cross slick mud flats during low tide. Fordonia and Gerarda are the only snakes known to tear their prey apart before eating it, pulling soft-shelled crabs through their coils to rip them apart prior to ingestion.[1]
Genera

Bitia Gray, 1842
Brachyorrhos Kuhl, 1826
Calamophis Meyer, 1874
Cantoria Girard, 1857
Cerberus Cuvier, 1829
Dieurostus Berg, 1901
Djokoiskandarus J.C. Murphy, 2011
Enhydris Sonnini & Latreille, 1802
Erpeton Lacépède, 1800
Ferania Gray, 1842
Fordonia Gray, 1837
Gerarda Gray, 1849
Gyiophis J.C. Murphy & Voris, 2014
Heurnia de Jong, 1926
Homalophis W. Peters, 1871
Homalopsis Kuhl & Hasselt, 1822
Hypsiscopus Fitzinger, 1843
Karnsophis J.C. Murphy & Voris, 2013
Kualatahan J.C. Murphy & Voris, 2014
Mintonophis J.C. Murphy & Voris, 2014
Miralia Gray, 1842
Myanophis G. Köhler et al., 2021[2]
Myron Gray, 1849
Myrrophis Kumar, Sanders, George & J.C. Murphy, 2012
Phytolopsis Gray, 1849
Pseudoferania Ogilby, 1891
Raclitia Gray, 1842
Subsessor J.C. Murphy & Voris, 2014
Sumatranus J.C. Murphy & Voris, 2014

References

Jayne, Bruce C.; Voris, Harold K.; Ng, Peter K.L. (2002). "Herpetology: Snake circumvents constraints on prey size". Nature. 418 (6894): 143. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..143J. doi:10.1038/418143a. PMID 12110878.

Köhler, Gunther; Khaing, Khin Pa Pa; Than, Ni Lar; Baranski, Damian; Schell, Tilman; Greve, Carola; Janke, Axel; Pauls, Steffen U. (2021). "A new genus and species of mud snake from Myanmar (Reptilia, Squamata, Homalopsidae)". Zootaxa. 4915 (3): 301–325. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4915.3.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 33756559. S2CID 232339097. (Myanophis, new genus; M. thanlyinensis, new species).