Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Subordo: Myomorpha
Superfamilia: Muroidea
Familia: Spalacidae
Subfamilia: Spalacinae
Genus: Nannospalax
Species (12): N. bulgaricus – N. ehrenbergi – N. hellenicus – N. hungaricus – N. insularis – N. leucodon – N. montanoserbicus – N. montanosyrmiensis – N. monticola – N. serbicus – N. turcicus – N. xanthodon
Name
Nannospalax Palmer, 1903: 873
Type species: Spalax kirgisorum Nehring, 1898, by original designation.
References
Primary references
Palmer, T.S. 1903. Some new generic names of mammals. Science 17(439): 873. DOI: 10.1126/science.17.439.873.a Open access; BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Németh, A., Révay, T., Hegyeli, Z., Farkas, J,, Czabán, D., Rózsás, A. & Csorba, G. 2009. Chromosomal forms and risk assessment of Nannospalax (superspecies leucodon)(Mammalia: Rodentia) in the Carpathian Basin. Folia Zoologica 58(3): 349–361. PDF Reference page.
Hadid, Y., Németh, A., Snir, S., Pavlíček, T., Csorba, G., Kázmér, M., Major, Á., Mezhzherin, S., Rusin, M., Coşkun, Y. & Nevo, E. 2012. Is evolution of blind mole rats determined by climate oscillations? PLoS ONE 7: e30043. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030043 Open access Reference page.
Kryštufek, B., Ivanitskaya, E., Arslan, A., Arslan, E. & Bužan, E.V. 2012. Evolutionary history of mole rats (genus Nannospalax) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 105(2): 446–455. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01795.x Open access Reference page.
Arslan, A., Kryštufek, B., Matur, F. & Zima, J. 2016. Review of chromosome races in blind mole rats (Spalax and Nannospalax). Folia Zoologica 65(4): 249–301. DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v65.i4.a1.2016 Open access Reference page.
Németh, A., Mizsei, E., Laczkó, L., Czabán, D., Hegyeli, Z., Lengyel, S., Csorba, G. & Sramkó, G. 2024. Evolutionary history and systematics of European blind mole rats (Rodentia: Spalacidae: Nannospalax): Multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation in a puzzling group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 190: 107958. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107958 Paywall Reference page.
Nannospalax is a genus of rodent in the family Spalacidae, found in eastern Europe and western Asia. It is one of two genera in the blind mole-rats (subfamily Spalacinae), alongside Spalax.[1][2] Members of this genus are also known as small-bodied mole-rats.[3] As with members of the genus Spalax, they are completely blind, with their eyes being entirely covered by skin.
Taxonomy and evolution
Until 2013, members of this genus were grouped in Spalax, but phylogenetic analysis indicates that both diverged during the late Miocene, about 7.6 million years ago, when a marine barrier formed between Anatolia and the Balkans. It also supports two different subgenera within this genus; Nannospalax sensu stricto (containing a single species) and Mesospalax, which diverged from each other during the late Miocene or early Pliocene, after the uplift of the Anatolian Plateau.[4]
Members of this genus are notable for their extreme chromosomal diversity, some of which may represent as-of-yet unrecognized species-level taxa.[3] Genetic analysis indicates distinct periods of diversification among spalacids that correspond with climactic changes caused by Milankovitch cycles.[4]
Species
There are three species in this genus in two subgenera:
Genus Nannospalax
Subgenus Nannospalax
Middle East blind mole-rat or Palestine mole-rat, N. ehrenbergi
Subgenus Mesospalax
Lesser blind mole-rat, N. leucodon
Anatolian blind mole-rat or Nehring's blind mole-rat, N. xanthodon
Some authorities, including ITIS and Mammal Species of the World, have split out four species endemic to Israel and surrounding regions from N. ehrenbergi based on chromosomal divergence reported by the research of the Institute of Evolution at the University of Haifa:
Mount Carmel blind mole-rat (N. carmeli)
Golan Heights blind mole-rat (N. golani)
Upper Galilee Mountains blind mole-rat (N. galili)
Judean Mountains blind mole-rat (N. judaei).
However, the American Society of Mammalogists and the IUCN Red List presently group these within N. ehrenbergi due to taxonomic uncertainty.[5][6][7]
References
Database, Mammal Diversity (2022-02-01), Mammal Diversity Database, doi:10.5281/zenodo.5945626, retrieved 2022-03-07
KRYŠTUFEK, BORIS; IVANITSKAYA, ELENA; ARSLAN, ATILLA; ARSLAN, EMINE; BUŽAN, ELENA V. (2011-10-31). "Evolutionary history of mole rats (genus Nannospalax) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 105 (2): 446–455. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01795.x. ISSN 0024-4066. S2CID 83596816.
Matur, Ferhat; Yanchukov, Alexey; Çolak, Faruk; Sözen, Mustafa (2019-01-01). "Two major clades of blind mole rats (Nannospalax sp.) revealed by mtDNA and microsatellite genotyping in Western and Central Turkey". Mammalian Biology. 94: 38–47. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.11.004. ISSN 1616-5047. S2CID 92557692.
Hadid, Yarin; Németh, Attila; Snir, Sagi; Pavlíček, Tomáš; Csorba, Gábor; Kázmér, Miklós; Major, Ágnes; Mezhzherin, Sergey; Rusin, Mikhail; Coşkun, Yüksel; Nevo, Eviatar (2012-01-09). "Is Evolution of Blind Mole Rats Determined by Climate Oscillations?". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e30043. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...730043H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030043. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3253805. PMID 22253871.
"Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Nehring, 1898)". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
Lövy, M. & Gazzard, A. (2023). "Nannospalax ehrenbergi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T14326A22276839. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T14326A22276839.en. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
Arslan, Atilla; Kryštufek, Boris; Matur, Ferhat; Zima, Jan (2016). "Review of chromosome races in blind mole rats (Spalax and Nannospalax)". Folia Zoologica. 65 (4): 249–301. doi:10.25225/fozo.v65.i4.a1.2016. ISSN 0139-7893. S2CID 90250254.
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