Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Cladus: Theriimorpha
Cladus: Theriiformes
Cladus: Trechnotheria
Cladus: Zatheria
Subclassis: Theria
Cladus: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Magnordo: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yangochiroptera
Superfamilia: Emballonuroidea
Familia: Emballonuridae
Subfamilia: Emballonurinae
Genus: Cormura
Species: Cormura brevirostris
Name
Cormura brevirostris Wagner, 1843
Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Marabitanas.
Synonyms
pullus Miller, 1906
References
Wagner. 1843. Arch. Naturgesch., ser. 9, 1: 367.
Conservation status: IUCN: Cormura brevirostris (Least Concern)
Distribution
Nicaragua south to Peru
Central Brazil
Vernacular names
English: Chestnut Sac-winged Bat
The chestnut sac-winged bat, or Wagner's sac-winged bat (Cormura brevirostris) is a species of sac-winged bat native to South and Central America. It is the only species within its genus.
Description
The chestnut sac-winged bat is a relatively small member of its family, with adults usually measuring 7 cm (2.8 in) in length, and weighing 7 to 11 g (0.25 to 0.39 oz). Soft, dense fur covers the body, and the inner parts of the wings, reaching as far as the mid-humerus and mid-femur on both the upper and lower surfaces. The fur is brown-black or red-brown in colour, being darker above, and paler on the underside of the animal. The wings are black, with the membranes extending as far as the ankles.[2]
The tail projects from the middle of the membrane between the legs, but does not extend beyond it, so is not visible in silhouette. The tail measures about 1.5 cm (0.59 in) in length, although only 1 to 3 mm (0.039 to 0.118 in) of the tip is visible above the membrane. Males of the species have sacs in the centre of the membranes on the forward surfaces of the wings, which reach from the edge of the membrane almost to the elbow. This distinguishes it from all other sac-winged bats, in which the sac is usually much closer to the body.[2]
Distribution and habitat
In the south, chestnut sac-winged bats are found from eastern Ecuador and Peru, through northern Bolivia as far east as central Brazil. Further north, they are found throughout Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guyanas, and through Central America as far as eastern Nicaragua.[2] No subspecies have been identified. Their natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.[1]
Biology and behaviour
Chestnut sac-winged bats forage for insects in openings and gaps just below and around the forest canopy. They are active primarily just after dusk and just before dawn, spending the day resting in cavities in trees or fallen logs. They live in small groups of up to five individuals, each with no more than a single female.[3] The bats' echolocation calls consist of three short pulses, each higher in pitch than the last, and rising from 25 to 32 kHz. This frequency optimises the detection of flying insects at long range.[2] Breeding has been reported to take place between April and May in Panama,[4] but may occur at different times of the year elsewhere.[2]
References
Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S.; Miller, B.; Cuarón, A.D.; de Grammont, P.C. (2016). "Cormura brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41527A22006450. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41527A22006450.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Bernard, E. (2003). "Cormura brevirostris". Mammalian Species (737): 1–3. doi:10.1644/737. S2CID 198124051.
Simmons, N.B.; Voss, R.S. (1998). "The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. part 1. Bats". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 237 (X): 1–219. hdl:2246/1634.
Fleming, T.H.; et al. (1972). "Three central American bat communities: structure, reproductive cycles, and movement patterns". Ecology. 53 (4): 555–569. doi:10.2307/1934771. JSTOR 1934771.
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