Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Primates
Subordo: Haplorhini
Infraordo: Simiiformes
Parvordo: Platyrrhini
Familia: Callitrichidae
Genera (6): Callimico – Callithrix – Cebuella – Mico – Leontopithecus – Saguinus
Check (1): Leontocebus
Name
Callitrichidae Napier and Napier, 1967
Synonyms
Callitrichinae Thomas, 1903
Hapalidae Wagner, 1840
References
Buckner, J.C., Lynch Alfaro, J.W., Rylands, A.B. & Alfaro, M.E. 2015. Biogeography of the marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 82(B): 413–425. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.031 Paywall; ResearchGate Reference page.
Garbino, G.S.T. & H.C. Costa (2015) Some nomenclatural notes regarding authorship and dates of New World monkeys (Primates: Platyrrhini). Sherbornia 2(3):21–27. Online.
Garbino, G.S.C. & A.M.G. Martins-Junior (2018) Phenotypic evolution in marmoset and tamarin monkeys (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) and a revised genus-level classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 118:156–171. [1]
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Krallenaffen
français: Callitrichidés
עברית: מרמוסטיים
magyar: Karmosmajomformák, karmosmajmok
한국어: 비단원숭이아과
português: Calitriquíneos
svenska: Kloapor
Türkçe: Marmosetgiller
The Callitrichidae (also called Arctopitheci or Hapalidae) are a family of New World monkeys, including marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins. At times, this group of animals has been regarded as a subfamily, called the Callitrichinae, of the family Cebidae.
This taxon was traditionally thought to be a primitive lineage, from which all the larger-bodied platyrrhines evolved.[4] However, some works argue that callitrichids are actually a dwarfed lineage.[5][6]
Ancestral stem-callitrichids likely were "normal-sized" ceboids that were dwarfed through evolutionary time. This may exemplify a rare example of insular dwarfing in a mainland context, with the "islands" being formed by biogeographic barriers during arid climatic periods when forest distribution became patchy, and/or by the extensive river networks in the Amazon Basin.[5]
All callitrichids are arboreal. They are the smallest of the simian primates. They eat insects, fruit, and the sap or gum from trees; occasionally, they take small vertebrates. The marmosets rely quite heavily on tree exudates, with some species (e.g. Callithrix jacchus and Cebuella pygmaea) considered obligate exudativores.[7]
Callitrichids typically live in small, territorial groups of about five or six animals. Their social organization is unique among primates, and is called a "cooperative polyandrous group". This communal breeding system involves groups of multiple males and females, but only one female is reproductively active. Females mate with more than one male and each shares the responsibility of carrying the offspring.[8]
They are the only primate group that regularly produces twins, which constitute over 80% of births in species that have been studied. Unlike other male primates, male callitrichids generally provide as much parental care as females. Parental duties may include carrying, protecting, feeding, comforting, and even engaging in play behavior with offspring. In some cases, such as in the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), males, particularly those that are paternal, even show a greater involvement in caregiving than females.[9] The typical social structure seems to constitute a breeding group, with several of their previous offspring living in the group and providing significant help in rearing the young.
Species and subspecies list
Emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator)
See also: List of platyrrhines
Taxa included in the Callitrichidae are:[10][11][12][13]
Family Callitrichidae
Genus Saguinus
Subgenus Saguinus
Red-handed tamarin, Saguinus midas
Western black tamarin, Saguinus niger
Eastern black-handed tamarin, Saguinus ursulus
Pied tamarin, Saguinus bicolor
Martins's tamarin, Saguinus martinsi
Saguinus martinsi martinsi
Saguinus martinsi ochraceus
White-footed tamarin, Saguinus leucopus
Cottontop tamarin, Saguinus oedipus
Geoffroy's tamarin, Saguinus geoffroyi
Subgenus Tamarinus
Moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax
Spix's moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax mystax
Red-capped moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax pileatus
White-rump moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax pluto
White-lipped tamarin, Saguinus labiatus
Geoffroy's red-bellied tamarin, Saguinus labiatus labiatus
Gray's red-bellied tamarin, Saguinus labiatus rufiventer
Thomas's red-bellied tamarin, Saguinus labiatus thomasi
Emperor tamarin, Saguinus imperator
Black-chinned emperor tamarin, Saguinus imperator imperator
Bearded emperor tamarin, Saguinus imperator subgrisescens
Mottle-faced tamarin, Saguinus inustus
Genus Leontocebus
Black-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis
Spix's black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis nigricollis
Graells's tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis graellsi
Hernández-Camacho's black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis hernandezi
Brown-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus fuscicollis
Avila Pires' saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus fuscicollis avilapiresi
Spix's saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus fuscicollis fuscicollis
Mura's saddleback tamarin, Leontocebus fuscicollis mura
Lako's saddleback tamarin, Leontocebus fuscicollis primitivus
Andean saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus leucogenys
Lesson's saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus fuscus
Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus cruzlimai[14]
Weddell's saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus weddelli
Weddell's tamarin, Leontocebus weddelli weddelli
Crandall's saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus weddelli crandalli
White-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus weddelli melanoleucus
Golden-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus tripartitus
Illiger's saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus illigeri
Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus lagonotus
Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus nigrifrons
Genus Leontopithecus
Golden lion tamarin, Leontopithecus rosalia
Golden-headed lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus
Superagui lion tamarin, Leontopithecus caissara
†Genus Patasola
†Patasola magdalenae
†Genus Micodon
†Micodon kiotensis
Genus Callimico
Goeldi's marmoset, Callimico goeldii
Genus Mico
Silvery marmoset, Mico argentatus
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset, Mico humilis
White marmoset, Mico leucippe
Black-tailed marmoset, Mico melanurus
Schneider's marmoset, Mico schneideri
Hershkovitz's marmoset, Mico intermedia
Emilia's marmoset, Mico emiliae
Black-headed marmoset, Mico nigriceps
Marca's marmoset, Mico marcai
Santarem marmoset, Mico humeralifer
Gold-and-white marmoset, Mico chrysoleucos
Maués marmoset, Mico mauesi
Sateré marmoset, Mico saterei
Rio Acarí marmoset, Mico acariensis
Rondon's marmoset, Mico rondoni
Munduruku marmoset, Mico munduruku
Genus Cebuella
Western pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea
Eastern pygmy marmoset, Cebuella niveiventris
Genus Callithrix
Common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus
Black-tufted marmoset, Callithrix penicillata
Wied's marmoset, Callithrix kuhlii
White-headed marmoset, Callithrix geoffroyi
Buffy-tufted marmoset, Callithrix aurita
Buffy-headed marmoset, Callithrix flaviceps
References
Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 129–136. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Rylands AB, Mittermeier RA (2009). "The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini)". In Garber PA, Estrada A, Bicca-Marques JC, Heymann EW, Strier KB (eds.). South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Springer. pp. 23–54. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6.
Garbino, Guilherme Siniciato Terra; Costa, Henrique C. (2015). "Some nomenclatural notes regarding authorship and dates of New World monkeys (Primates: Platyrrhini)" (PDF). Shernornia. 2 (3): 21–27. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
Hershkovitz, P. Living New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini) with an Introduction to the Primates. University of Chicago 1977.
Ford, S. M. (1980-01-01). "Callitrichids as phyletic dwarfs, and the place of the Callitrichidae in Platyrrhini". Primates. 21 (1): 31–43. doi:10.1007/BF02383822. ISSN 0032-8332. S2CID 30520772.
Naish, Darren. Marmosets and tamarins: dwarfed monkeys of the South American tropics. Scientific American November 27, 2012
Harrison, M. L.; Tardif, S. D. (1994). "Social implications of gummivory in marmosets". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 95 (4): 399–408. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330950404. PMID 7864061.
Sussman, R.W. (2003). "Chapter 1: Ecology: General Principles". Primate Ecology and Social Structure. Pearson Custom Publishing. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-536-74363-3.
Cleveland and Snowdon. Social development during the first twenty weeks in the cotton-top tamarin ( Saguinus o. oedipus). Animal Behaviour (1984) vol. 32 (2) pp. 432-444
Garbino, Guilherme S.T.; Martins-Junior, Antonio M.G. (2018). "Phenotypic evolution in marmoset and tamarin monkeys (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) and a revised genus-level classification". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118: 156–171. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.002. PMID 28989098.
Rylands, Anthony B.; Eckhard W. Heymann; Jessica Lynch Alfaro; Janet C. Buckner; Christian Roos; Christian Matauschek; Jean P. Boubli; Ricardo Sampaio; Russell A. Mittermeier (2016). "Taxonomic Review of the New World Tamarins (Primates: Callitrichidae)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (4): 1003–1028. doi:10.1111/zoj.12386. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-28. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
Cortés-Ortiz, Lilliana (2009). "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Callitrichidae with an Emphasis on the Marmosets and Callimico". In Ford, S.; Porter, L.; Davis, L. (eds.). The Smallest Anthropoids: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Boston: Springer. pp. 3–24. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_1. ISBN 978-1-4419-0292-4.
Silvestro, Daniele; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Serrano Serrano, Martha L.; Loiseau, Oriane; Rossier, Victor; Rolland, Jonathan; Zizka, Alexander; Antonelli, Alexandre; Salamin, Nicolas (2017). "Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data". bioRxiv 10.1101/178111.
Sampaio; et al. (April 2015). "Re-description and assessment of the taxonomic status of Saguinus fuscicollis cruzlimai Hershkovitz, 1966 (Primates, Callitrichinae)". Primates. 56 (2): 131–144. doi:10.1007/s10329-015-0458-2. PMID 25688005. S2CID 11577316.
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