Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea
Familia: Leiothrichidae
Genus: Trochalopteron
Species: T. affine – T. austeni – T. chrysopterum – T. elliotii – T. erythrocephalum – T. formosum – T. henrici – T. imbricatum – T. lineatum – T. melanostigma – T. milnei – T. morrisonianum – T. ngoclinhense – T. peninsulae – T. squamatum – T. subunicolor – T. variegatum – T. virgatum – T. yersini
Expected to be split in new genus Montecincla in near future (pending IOC review): T. cachinnans – T. fairbanki
Name
Trochalopteron Blyth, 1843
Typus
Trochalopteron subunicolor Blyth, 1843
References
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12: 952.
IOC World Bird List 7.1
Robin, V. V., et al. 2017. Two new genera of songbirds represent endemic radiations from the Shola Sky Islands of the Western Ghats, India. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 31.
Vernacular names
English: Trochalopteron
русский: Trochalopteron
Trochalopteron is a genus of passerine birds in the laughingthrush family Leiothrichidae.
Taxonomy
The genus Trochalopteron was introduced in 1843 by the English zoologist Edward Blyth.[1] The name combines the Ancient Greek trokhalos meaning "round" or "bowed" with pteron meaning "wing".[2] The type species was designated in 1930 by E. C. Stuart Baker as the scaly laughingthrush.[3][4]
Species
The genus contains the following 19 species:[5]
| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 India and Myanmar. (34587626122).jpg" decoding="async" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Brown-capped_Laughingthrush_%28Trochalopteron_austeni%29._It_is_found_in_India_and_Myanmar._%2834587626122%29.jpg/180px-Brown-capped_Laughingthrush_%28Trochalopteron_austeni%29._It_is_found_in_India_and_Myanmar._%2834587626122%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Brown-capped_Laughingthrush_%28Trochalopteron_austeni%29._It_is_found_in_India_and_Myanmar._%2834587626122%29.jpg/240px-Brown-capped_Laughingthrush_%28Trochalopteron_austeni%29._It_is_found_in_India_and_Myanmar._%2834587626122%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" height="80" width="120" /> |
Brown-capped laughingthrush | Trochalopteron austeni | Patkai range, India |
 |
Scaly laughingthrush | Trochalopteron subunicolor | Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Vietnam. |
 |
Streaked laughingthrush | Trochalopteron lineatum | Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan. |
 |
Striped laughingthrush | Trochalopteron virgatum | Patkai range, India |
 India 30.10.2016.jpg" decoding="async" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Blue-winged_Laughingthrush_Pangolakha_Sikkim_India_30.10.2016.jpg/180px-Blue-winged_Laughingthrush_Pangolakha_Sikkim_India_30.10.2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Blue-winged_Laughingthrush_Pangolakha_Sikkim_India_30.10.2016.jpg/240px-Blue-winged_Laughingthrush_Pangolakha_Sikkim_India_30.10.2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" height="80" width="120" /> |
Blue-winged laughingthrush | Trochalopteron squamatus | Eastern Himalaya, Yunnan, Myanmar and Laos |
 |
Variegated laughingthrush | Trochalopteron variegatum | Bhutan, India, Nepal and Tibet. |
 India 12.05.2014.jpg" decoding="async" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Black-faced-Laughingthrush_Zuluk_Sikkim_India_12.05.2014.jpg/180px-Black-faced-Laughingthrush_Zuluk_Sikkim_India_12.05.2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Black-faced-Laughingthrush_Zuluk_Sikkim_India_12.05.2014.jpg/240px-Black-faced-Laughingthrush_Zuluk_Sikkim_India_12.05.2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" height="80" width="120" /> |
Black-faced laughingthrush | Trochalopteron affine | eastern Nepal eastwards to Arunachal Pradesh in India and further to Myanmar, along with Bhutan and southeastern Tibet. |
 |
Elliot's laughingthrush | Trochalopteron elliotii | central China and far northeastern India. |
| Brown-cheeked laughingthrush | Trochalopteron henrici | southwestern China and northeastern India | |
 |
White-whiskered laughingthrush | Trochalopteron morrisonianum | Taiwan. |
 India.jpg" decoding="async" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Chestnut-Crowned_Laughingthrus_%28Garrulax_erythrocephalus%29_in_Uttarakhand%2C_India.jpg/180px-Chestnut-Crowned_Laughingthrus_%28Garrulax_erythrocephalus%29_in_Uttarakhand%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Chestnut-Crowned_Laughingthrus_%28Garrulax_erythrocephalus%29_in_Uttarakhand%2C_India.jpg/240px-Chestnut-Crowned_Laughingthrus_%28Garrulax_erythrocephalus%29_in_Uttarakhand%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="726" height="85" width="120" /> |
Chestnut-crowned laughingthrush | Trochalopteron erythrocephalum | Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal. |
| Collared laughingthrush | Trochalopteron yersini | Vietnam. | |
 |
Red-tailed laughingthrush | Trochalopteron milnei | China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. |
 |
Red-winged laughingthrush | Trochalopteron formosum | China (Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces) and north-west Vietnam. |
 |
Bhutan laughingthrush | Trochalopteron imbricatum | Bhutan and some adjoining areas in India. |
 |
Assam laughingthrush | Trochalopteron chrysopterum | Northeast India and adjacent southwest China and Myanmar. |
 |
Silver-eared laughingthrush | Trochalopteron melanostigma | southern Yunnan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. |
| Golden-winged laughingthrush | Trochalopteron ngoclinhense | Vietnam. | |
 |
Malayan laughingthrush | Trochalopteron peninsulae | southern Thailand and peninsular Malaysia. |
Former species
Two species that were formerly included in this genus have been moved to Montecincla based on phylogenetic studies that showed them to be more distantly related to the Trochalopteron clade than to a clade formed by species in the genera Leiothrix, Actinodura, Minla, Crocias and Heterophasia.[6]
Black-chinned laughingthrush, Montecincla cachinnans (with jerdoni separated as a full species)
Kerala laughingthrush, Montecincla fairbanki
References
Blyth, Edward (1843). "Mr. Blyth's monthly Report for December Meeting, 1842, with Addenda subsequently appended". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 12 (143): 925–1011 [952].
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 391. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964). Check-List of Birds of the World. Volume 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 348.
Baker, E.C. Stuart (1930). The Fauna of British India Birds including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 7 (2nd ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. p. 30.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Laughingthrushes and allies". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
Robin, V.V.; Vishnudas, C.K.; Gupta, P.; Rheindt, F.E.; Hooper, D.M.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reddy, S. (2017). "Two new genera of songbirds represent endemic radiations from the Shola Sky Islands of the Western Ghats, India". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (31): 1–14. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0882-6.
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