Mixornis gularis

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea

Familia: Timaliidae
Genus: Mixornis
Species: Mixornis gularis
Subspecies: M. g. archipelagicus – M. g. condorensis – M. g. connectens – M. g. gularis – M. g. inveteratus – M. g. kinneari – M. g. lutescens – M. g. rubicapilla – M. g. saraburiensis – M. g. sulphureus – M. g. ticehursti – M. g. versuricola – M. g. woodi
Name

Mixornis gularis (Horsfield, 1822)

Type locality: Sumatra.
Synonymy

Timalia gularis Horsfield, 1822 (protonym)
Macronous gularis (Horsfield, 1822)
Macronous gularis (Horsfield, 1822) (orth. err.)

References
Primary references

Horsfield, T. 1822. Zoological researches in Java, and the neighbouring islands no. 3: pl. 43, BHL unnumbered page BHL

Links

IUCN: Mixornis gularis (Horsfield, 1822) (Least Concern)

Vernacular names
বাংলা: দাগি তিতছাতারে
català: timalí variable
čeština: timálie žlutobřichá
dansk: stribet mejsetimalie
Deutsch: Strichelmeisentimalie
English: pin-striped tit-babbler
español: timalí goliestriado
suomi: keltatiheikkötimali
français: timalie à gorge striée
hrvatski: žutotrbi drozdalj
magyar: csíkostorkú lombtimália
Bahasa Indonesia: ciung-air coreng
italiano: garrulo cincia striato
日本語: ムナフムシクイチメドリ
lietuvių: geltonkrūtis zylinis plepys
Bahasa Melayu: burung rimba berjalur
norsk bokmål: smalstripemeisetimal
नेपाली: पीतोदर फिस्टेभ्याकुर
Nederlands: geelborsttimalia
polski: gromadniczek żółtobrzuchy
português do Brasil: tagarela-de-garganta-estriada
português: timali-de-garganta-estriada
русский: желтогрудый синицевый бабблер
slovenčina: timália žltobruchá
svenska: finstrimmig mestimalia
ไทย: นกกินแมลงอกเหลือง
Türkçe: ince çizgili timalya
українська: синчівка жовточерева
Tiếng Việt: chích chạch má vàng
中文（繁體）: 紋胸雀鶥
中文: 纹胸鹛

The pin-striped tit-babbler (Mixornis gularis), also known as the yellow-breasted babbler, is a species of bird in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae that is found in South and Southeast Asia.
Taxonomy and systematics

The pin-striped tit-babbler was formally described in 1822 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield based on a specimen collected in Sumatra. He coined the binomial name Timalia gularis.[2][3] The pin-striped tit-babbler was formerly placed in the genus Macronus but based on the results of a large molecular phylogenetic study published in 2019,[4] the species was moved to the genus Mixornis that had been introduced in 1842 by the English zoologist Edward Blyth.[5][6] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek mixis meaning "mixed" or "mingling" with ornis meaning "bird". The specific epithet gularis is Modern Latin meaning "-throated".[7] The pin-striped tit-babbler belongs within a clade that includes the genera Dumetia and Timalia.[4]

The species has also been split following a study by Nigel Collar to distinguish the morphologically distinct Bornean and Javan populations, which have since been renamed the bold-striped tit-babbler (Mixornis bornensis), from the rest of the pin-striped tit-babbler species complex.[8]

The following 13 subspecies are recognized:[6]

M. g. rubicapilla (Tickell, 1833) – Nepal, Bhutan and northeast India to Bangladesh and east-central India
M. g. ticehursti Stresemann, 1940 – west Myanmar
M. g. sulphureus (Rippon, 1900) – eastern Myanmar, west Thailand and southwest Yunnan (south China)
M. g. lutescens Delacour, 1926 – southeast Yunnan (south China), north, northeast Thailand and north Indochina
M. g. kinneari Delacour & Jabouille, 1924 – central Vietnam
M. g. saraburiensis (Deignan, 1956) – east-central Thailand and west Cambodia
M. g. versuricola Oberholser, 1922 – east Cambodia and south Vietnam
M. g. condorensis Robinson, 1921 – Con Son Island (off south Vietnam)
M. g. connectens (Kloss, 1918) – Tenasserim (southeast Myanmar), coastal Gulf of Thailand to central Malay Peninsula (includes chersonesophilus)[9]
M. g. archipelagicus Oberholser, 1922 – Mergui Archipelago (off southwest Myanmar)
M. g. inveteratus Oberholser, 1922 – coastal islands off southeast Thailand and Cambodia
M. g. gularis (Horsfield, 1822) – south Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banyak Islands (west of north Sumatra) and Batu Islands (west of central Sumatra)
M. g. woodi Sharpe, 1877 – Palawan group (southwest Philippines)

Description

The species has a distinctive yellowish supercilium and rufous crown. The throat is yellowish with brown streaks. Call is a loud repeated chonk-chonk-chonk-chonk-chonk somewhat reminiscent of a common tailorbird.

They forage in small flocks and creep and clamber in low vegetation. They breed in the pre-monsoon season from February to July and build a loose ball shaped nest made from grasses and leaves.
Distribution
In Bintan, Indonesia

The species is widely distributed and is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.[10]

In India, there are disjunct populations in southern India. This population was recorded by Salim Ali from Antharasanthe near the Kabini reservoir. There were no records of the species from this area after the initial collection. The southern population was rediscovered from the Masinagudi area in Mudumalai in 2004.[11]

Other populations are found in the northern Eastern Ghats.
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Mixornis gularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22735162A95104150. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22735162A95104150.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Horsfield, Thomas (1822). Zoological researches in Java, and the neighbouring islands. London: Printed for Kingsbury, Parbury, & Allen. Part 3. Plate [43], fig. 2, text.
Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 321.
Cai, T.; Cibois, A.; Alström, P.; Moyle, R.G.; Kennedy, J.D.; Shao, S.; Zhang, R.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Gelang, M.; Qu, Y.; Lei, F.; Fjeldså, J. (2019). "Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world's babblers (Aves: Passeriformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 130: 346–356. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.010. PMID 30321696.
Blyth, Edward (1842). "Report from the curator". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 11, Part 2 (128): 788-799 [794, note].
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Babblers & fulvettas". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 257, 181. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Collar, N.J. (2006). "A partial revision of the Asian babblers ( Timaliidae )". Forktail. 22: 85–112.
Cros, E.; Rheindt, F.E. (2017). "Massive bioacoustic analysis suggests introgression across Pleistocene land bridges in Mixornis tit-babblers". Journal of Ornithology. 158 (2): 407–419. doi:10.1007/s10336-016-1411-x.
BirdLife International (2004). "Macronous gularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
Praveen J., Job K. Joseph & Nick Lethaby (2004) Sighting of Yellow-breasted Babbler Macronous gularis in South India. Newsletter for Ornithologists 1(3):43 PDF Archived 2006-09-17 at the Wayback Machine