Leucocarbo

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Aequornithes
Ordo: Suliformes

Familia: Phalacrocoracidae
Genus: Leucocarbo
Species: L. atriceps – L. bougainvillii – L. bransfieldensis – L. campbelli – L. carunculatus – L. chalconotus – L. colensoi – L. georgianus – L. melanogenis – L. nivalis – L. onslowi – L. purpurascens – L. ranfurlyi – L. verrucosus
Name

Leucocarbo Bonaparte, 1856

Typus: Carbo bougainvillii Lesson, 1837, = Leucocarbo bougainvillii

References

Bonaparte, C.L. 1856. Excursion dans les divers Museés d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique, et Tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des Échassiers. Compte Rendu des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43: 410–421 BHL; Suite 571–579 BHL; Fin 593–601 BHL. Mallet-Bachelier. Paris. Reference page. p. 575

Vernacular names
English: Blue-eyed shags
Esperanto: Bluokulaj tufkormoranoj
español: Cormoranes de ojos azules

Leucocarbo is a genus of birds in the family Phalacrocoracidae. Several species within the genus are collectively known as blue-eyed shags. This is a group of closely related cormorant taxa. Many have a blue, purple or red ring around the eye (not a blue iris); other shared features are white underparts (at least in some individuals) and pink feet.[1]

They are found around the colder parts of the Southern Hemisphere, especially near southern South America, Antarctica, and New Zealand. Many are endemic to remote islands. Determining which types are species and which are subspecies of what larger species is problematic; various recent authorities have recognized from 8 to 14 species and have placed them in a variety of genera. The common names are even more confusing, "like myriad footprints criss-crossing in the snow and about as easy to disentangle." Only one common name is given for most species here.[1]
Taxonomy

The genus Leucocarbo was introduced in 1856 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.[2] He did not specify a type species but this was designated as the guanay cormorant by William Ogilvie-Grant in 1898.[3][4] The name Leucocarbo combines the Ancient Greek leukos meaning "white" with the genus name Carbo introduced by Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799.[5]

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Leucocarbo is sister to the American cormorants in the genus Nannopterum; the genera split between 6.7 - 8.0 million years ago.[6]

The genus contains 16 species:[7]

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Leucocarbo magellanicus	Rock shag or Magellanic cormorant	The coast of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Chile.
	Leucocarbo bougainvillii	Guanay cormorant	The western coast of South America (Extirpated from Argentina).
	Leucocarbo ranfurlyi	Bounty shag	Bounty Islands.
	Leucocarbo carunculatus	New Zealand king shag, rough-faced shag or kawau	New Zealand.
	Leucocarbo onslowi	Chatham shag	Chatham Islands.
	Leucocarbo chalconotus	Otago shag	Eastern coast of New Zealand.
	Leucocarbo stewarti	Foveaux shag	Stewart Island and the Foveaux Strait.
	Leucocarbo colensoi	Auckland shag	Auckland Islands.
	Leucocarbo campbelli	Campbell shag	Campbell Island.
	Leucocarbo atriceps	Imperial shag or blue-eyed shag	Southern Chile and Argentina.
	Leucocarbo georgianus	South Georgia shag	South Georgia and the Shag Rocks.
	Leucocarbo melanogenis	Crozet shag	Crozet Island, Prince Edward Island and Marion Island.
	Leucocarbo bransfieldensis	Antarctic shag	The Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands and Elephant Island.
	Leucocarbo verrucosus	Kerguelen shag	Kerguelen Islands.
	Leucocarbo nivalis	Heard Island shag	Heard and McDonald Islands.
	Leucocarbo purpurascens	Macquarie shag	Macquarie Island.

References

Nelson, J. Bryan (2006). Pelicans, Cormorants, and Their Relatives: The Pelecaniformes. Oxford University Press, U.S.A. pp. 476–511, Plate 8. ISBN 978-0-19-857727-0.
Bonaparte, Charles Lucien (1856). "Excusion dans les divers Musées d'Allemagne, de Hollande et de Belgique, et tableaux paralléliques de l'ordre des échassiers (suite)". Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 43: 571–579 [575].
Sharpe, R.B.; Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. (1898). Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones, Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae and Impennes in the collection of the British Museum. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Vol. 26. London: Trustees of the British Museum. p. 331.
Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 164.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 223. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Kennedy, M.; Spencer, H.G. (2014). "Classification of the cormorants of the world". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 79: 249–257. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020. PMID 24994028.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans, boobies, cormorants". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 12 April 2019.