Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Gymnophiona
Familia: Rhinatrematidae
Genus: Rhinatrema
Species (6): R. bivittatum – R. gilbertogili – R. nigrum – R. ron – R. shiv – R. uaiuai
Name
Rhinatrema Duméril & Bibron, 1841: 288
Type species: Caecilia bivittata Guérin-Méneville, 1838, by monotypy.
References
Primary references
Duméril, A.M.C. & Bibron, G. 1841. Erpétologie Genérale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Volume 8. Librarie Enclyclopedique de Roret: Paris.
Additional references
Wilkinson, M. & Gower, D.J. 2010. A new species of Rhinatrema Duméril & Bibron (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Rhinatrematidae) from Amazonas, Brazil. Zootaxa 2650(1): 63–68. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2650.1.6 Paywall Reference page.
Gower, D.J., Wilkinson, M., Sherratt, E. & Kok, P.J.R. 2010. A new species of Rhinatrema Duméril & Bibron (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Rhinatrematidae) from Guyana. Zootaxa 2391(1): 47–60. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2391.1.3 Open access Reference page.
Maciel, A.O., Sampaio, M.I.C., Hoogmoed, M.S. & Schneider, H. 2018. Description of two new species of Rhinatrema (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) from Brazil and the return of Epicrionops niger to Rhinatrema. South American Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 287–299. DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00054.1 Reference page.
Links
Amphibian Species of the World 5.2 Rhinatrema access date 14 August 2008
Vernacular names
English: Two-lined Caecilians
Rhinatrema is a genus of caecilians in the family Rhinatrematidae.[1][2] Their common name is two-lined caecilians. The genus is known from the Guyanas (Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname) and adjacent Brazil.[1] Most Rhinatrema are known to inhabit and live in areas of tropical forests where there is an abundance of dense, dead vegetation matter.[3]
Rhinatrema are primitive caecilians that have a true tail. They are oviparous.[4]
Until recently, the two-lined caecilian (R. bivittatum) was the only species in the genus Rhinatrema. However, in 2010 and 2018, new species were described. The genus now contains now six species:[1][2]
Binomial name and author Distribution Status
Rhinatrema bivittatum (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil Least Concern[5]
Rhinatrema gilbertogili Maciel, Sampaio, Hoogmoed, and Schneider, 2018 Brazil Not evaluated
Rhinatrema nigrum Dunn, 1942 Guyana, Venezuela, possibly Brazil Least Concern[6]
Rhinatrema ron Wilkinson and Gower, 2010 Brazil Not evaluated
Rhinatrema shiv Gower, Wilkinson, Sherratt, and Kok, 2010 Guyana Not evaluated
Rhinatrema uaiuai Maciel, Sampaio, Hoogmoed, and Schneider, 2018 Brazil Not evaluated
References
Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Rhinatrema Duméril and Bibron, 1841". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
"Rhinatrematidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
Jared, C; Navas, C.A; Toledo, R.C (1999). "An appreciation of the physiology and morphology of the Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 123 (4): 313–328. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(99)00076-8.
Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 449.
Philippe Gaucher, Ross MacCulloch, Mark Wilkinson, Marvalee Wake (2004). "Rhinatrema bivittatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T59647A11975672. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59647A11975672.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Hoogmoed, Marinus; Reynolds, Robert; Wilkinson, Mark; Wake, Marvalee (2004). "Black Caecilian: Epicrionops niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
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