Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Rhacophoridae
Subfamilia: Rhacophorinae
Genus: Rhacophorus
Species (82): R. achantharrhena – R. angulirostris – R. annamensis – R. appendiculatus – R. arboreus – R. arvalis – R. aurantiventris – R. baluensis – R. barisani – R. bifasciatus – R. bimaculatus – R. bipunctatus – R. calcadensis – R. calcaneus – R. catamitus – R. chenfui – R. chuyangsinensis – R. cyanopunctatus – R. dennysi – R. dorsoviridis – R. duboisi – R. dugritei – R. dulitensis – R. edentulus – R. everetti – R. exechopygus – R. fasciatus – R. feae – R. gadingensis – R. gauni – R. georgii – R. harrissoni – R. helenae – R. hoabinhensis – R. hoanglienensis – R. hongchibaensis – R. htunwini – R. hui – R. hungfuensis – R. indonesiensis – R. jarujini – R. kajau – R. kio – R. laoshan – R. lateralis – R. malabaricus – R. margaritifer – R. maximus – R. minimus – R. modestus – R. moltrechti – R. monticola – R. namdaphaensis – R. nigropalmatus – R. nigropunctatus – R. norhayatii – R. omeimontis – R. orlovi – R. owstoni – R. pardalis – R. pingbianensis – R. poecilonotus – R. prasinatus – R. prominanus – R. pseudacutirostris – R. pseudomalabaricus – R. puerensis – R. reinwardtii – R. rhodopus – R. robinsonii – R. rufipes – R. schlegelii – R. subansiriensis – R. suffry – R. spelaeus – R. taipeianus – R. taronensis – R. translineatus – R. tuberculatus – R. turpes – R. vampyrus – R. verrucopus – R. viridis – R. wui – R. yaoshanensis – R. yinggelingensis
Name
Rhacophorus Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822: 104
Type species: Rhacophorus moschatus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822, by monotypy.
Synonymy
Racophorus — Schlegel, 1826
Leptomantis Peters, 1867
Rhacoforus — Palacky, 1898
References
Primary references
Kuhl, K. & Van Hasselt, J.C. 1822. Uittreksel uit de brieven van Heeren Kuhl en van Hasselt, aan de Heeren C.J. Temminck, Th. van Swinderen en W. de Haan. Algemeene Konst- en Letterbode 7: 99–104. Reference page.
Additional references
Biju, S.D. et al. 2013: Taxonomic review of the tree frog genus Rhacophorus from the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with description of ontogenetic colour changes and reproductive behaviour. Zootaxa 3636(2): 257–289. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3636.2.3 Reference page.
Dehling, J.M. 2011: Taxonomic status of the population of Rhacophorus angulirostris Ahl, 1927 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra) and its description as a new species. Salamandra, 47(3): 133–143. PDF available here
Haas, A. et al. 2012: Description of three Rhacophorus tadpoles (Lissamphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo). Zootaxa 3328: 1–19. Preview Reference page.
Hamidy, A., Kurniati, H. 2015: A new species of tree frog genus Rhacophorus from Sumatra, Indonesia (Amphibia, Anura). Zootaxa 3947(1): 49–66. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.3. Paywall Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Onn, C.K.; Grismer, L.L. 2010: Re-assessment of the Reinwardt’s Gliding Frog, Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel 1840) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia and its re-description as a new species. Zootaxa, 2505: 40–50. Preview
Rowley, J.J.L. et al. 2010: A new tree frog of the genus Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 2727: 45–55. Preview PDF
Links
Amphibian Species of the World 5.1 Rhacophorus access date 12 July 2008
Vernacular names
English: Flying Frogs
中文: 树蛙属
Rhacophorus is a genus of frogs in the shrub frog family (Rhacophoridae)and the related Hylidae make up the true tree frogs. They are found in India, Japan, Madagascar, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Over 40 species are currently recognised.[1]
These frogs have long toes with strong webbing between them, enabling the animals to slow their fall to a glide, a form of arboreal locomotion known as parachuting.[2] They are, therefore, among the anurans commonly known as "flying frogs".
The present genus is closely related to Polypedates, which in former times was often included in Rhacophorus. Even today, it is not fully resolved in which of these genera "P." feae and the Chinese flying frog ("R." dennysi) properly belong, and the supposedly new species "P. pingbianensis" has turned out to be the same as R. duboisi.
Foam nest of Rhacophorus arboreus
Reproduction
These frogs lay their eggs in aerial foam nests; upon hatching, tadpoles drop to the water under the nest and complete their development there.[3][4]
Species
These species are recognised in the genus Rhacophorus:[1][5][6]
Rhacophorus annamensis Smith, 1924 – Annam flying frog
Rhacophorus baluensis Inger, 1954
Rhacophorus barisani Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002
Rhacophorus bengkuluensis Streicher, Hamidy, Harvey, Anders, Shaney, Kurniawan, and Smith, 2014
Rhacophorus bifasciatus Van Kampen, 1923
Rhacophorus bipunctatus Ahl, 1927 (including R. htunwini)
Rhacophorus borneensis Matsui, Shimada, and Sudin, 2013
Rhacophorus calcadensis Ahl, 1927 – Kalakad gliding frog
Rhacophorus calcaneus Smith, 1924
Rhacophorus catamitus Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002
Rhacophorus edentulus Müller, 1894
Rhacophorus exechopygus Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999
Rhacophorus georgii Roux, 1904
Rhacophorus helenae Rowley, Tran, Hoang & Le, 2012[5] – Helen's tree frog
Rhacophorus hoabinhensis Nguyen, Pham, Nguyen, Ninh, and Ziegler, 2017
Rhacophorus hoanglienensis Orlov, Lathrop, Murphy, and Ho, 2001
Rhacophorus indonesiensis Hamidy & Kurniati, 2015
Rhacophorus kio Ohler & Delorme, 2005 – black-webbed treefrog
Rhacophorus laoshan Mo, Jiang, Xie, and Ohler, 2008
Rhacophorus larissae Ostroshabov, Orlov, and Nguyen, 2013
Rhacophorus lateralis Boulenger, 1883
Rhacophorus malabaricus Jerdon, 1870 – Malabar gliding frog
Rhacophorus margaritifer (Schlegel, 1837)
Rhacophorus marmoridorsum Orlov, 2008
Rhacophorus modestus Boulenger, 1920
Rhacophorus monticola Boulenger, 1896
Rhacophorus nigropalmatus Boulenger, 1895 – Wallace's flying frog
Rhacophorus norhayatii Chan and Grismer, 2010
Rhacophorus orlovi Ziegler and Köhler, 2001
Rhacophorus pardalis Günther, 1858 – harlequin tree frog
Rhacophorus poecilonotus Boulenger, 1920
Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus Vasudevan and Dutta, 2000
Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel, 1840) – black-webbed tree frog, green flying frog, Reinwardt's tree frog
Rhacophorus rhodopus Liu and Hu, 1960 (including R. namdaphaensis, often included in R. bipunctatus)
Rhacophorus robertingeri Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang, and Geissler, 2012
Rhacophorus spelaeus Orlov, Gnophanxay, Phimminith, and Phomphoumy, 2010
Rhacophorus subansiriensis Mathew and Sen, 2009
Rhacophorus translineatus Wu, 1977
Rhacophorus tuberculatus (Anderson, 1871)
Rhacophorus turpes Smith, 1940
Rhacophorus vampyrus Rowley, Le, Thi, Stuart, and Hoang, 2010 – vampire tree frog
Rhacophorus vanbanicus Kropachev, Orlov, Ninh, and Nguyen, 2019
Rhacophorus verrucopus Huang, 1983
Rhacophorus viridimaculatus Ostroshabov, Orlov, and Nguyen, 2013
Phylogeny
The following is a partial phylogeny of Rhacophorus from Pyron & Wiens (2011).[7] Only nine species are included. Rhacophorus is a sister group of Polypedates.[7]
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References
Frost, Darrel R. (2013). "Rhacophorus". Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
John R. Hutchinson. "Gliding and Parachuting". www.ucmp.berkeley.edu. Regents of the University of California.
Grosjean, S.; Delorme, M.; Dubois, A.; Ohler, A. (2008). "Evolution of reproduction in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia, Anura)". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 46 (2): 169. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2007.00451.x.
Li, Jiatang; Dingqi Rao; Robert W. Murphy; Yaping Zhang (2011). "The systematic status of rhacophorid frogs" (PDF). Asian Herpetological Research. 2: 1–11. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1245.2011.00001.
Rowley, J. J. L.; Tran, D. T. A.; Hoang, H. D.; Le, D. T. T. (2012). "A new species of large flying frog (Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorus) from lowland forests in southern Vietnam". Journal of Herpetology. 46 (4): 480–487. doi:10.1670/11-261. S2CID 86411409.
Kropachev, Ivan I.; Orlov, Nikolai L.; Ninh, Hoa Thi; Nguyen, Tao Thien (2019-12-15). "A New Species of Rhacophorus Genus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorinae) from Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province, Northern Vietnam". Russian Journal of Herpetology. 26 (6): 325–334. doi:10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-6-325-334. ISSN 1026-2296. S2CID 216378292.
R. Alexander Pyron; John J. Wiens (2011). "A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (2): 543–583. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012. PMID 21723399.
External links
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
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