Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Anura
Superfamilia: Brachycephaloidea
Familia: Craugastoridae
Subfamilia: Holoadeninae
Genus: Psychrophrynella
Species (23): P. adenopleura – P. ankohuma – P. bagrecitoi – P. boettgeri – P. chacaltaya – P. chirihampatu – P. condoriri – P. glauca – P. guillei – P. harveyi – P. iani – P. iatamasi – P. illampu – P. illimani – P. kallawaya – P. katantika – P. kempffi – P. pinguis – P. quimsacruzis – P. saltator – P. teqta – P. usurpator – P. wettsteini
Name
Psychrophrynella Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008: 102
Type species: Phrynopus bagrecitoi Lynch, 1986, by original designation.
References
Primary references
Hedges, S.B., Duellman, W.E. & Heinicke, M.P. 2008. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737(1): 1–182. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Additional references
Catenazzi, A. & Ttito, A. 2018. Psychrophrynella glauca sp. n., a new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Strabomantidae) from the montane forests of the Amazonian Andes of Puno, Peru. PeerJ 6: e4444. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4444 Open access Reference page.
Links
Amphibian Species of the World 5.2 Psychrophrynella access date 21 July 2008
Vernacular names
English: Andes Frogs
Psychrophrynella is a genus of frogs in the family Craugastoridae.[2] Alternatively, it has been placed in the family Strabomantidae.[3] The genus is distributed on the Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia.[2] One of the four species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is assessed as "Critically Endangered".[4]
The name Psychrophrynella is a contraction of the Greek psychros meaning cold and phrynos meaning toad, with the Greek diminutive suffix ella. It refers to their relatively cold habitats.[1]
Description
Psychrophrynella are small frogs measuring between 14 and 33 mm (0.55 and 1.30 in) snout–vent length. They are characterized by narrow head, absence of differentiated tympanic membrane (except in Psychrophrynella boettgeri) and, in most species, absence of tympanic annulus. Dorsum is smooth, granular, or shagreen. Venter is finely granular, granular, or coarsely granular (but smooth in Psychrophrynella pinguis).[1]
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Psychrophrynella:[2][3]
Psychrophrynella bagrecito (Lynch, 1986)
Psychrophrynella chirihampatu Catenazzi and Ttito, 2016
Psychrophrynella glauca Catenazzi and Ttito, 2018
Psychrophrynella usurpator De la Riva, Chaparro, and Padial, 2008
References
Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E.; Heinicke, M. P (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1.
Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Psychrophrynella Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
"Strabomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
IUCN. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>". Retrieved 11 March 2017.
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