Nyctixalus spinosus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Anura

Familia: Rhacophoridae
Subfamilia: Rhacophorinae
Genus: Nyctixalus
Species: Nyctixalus spinosus
Name

Nyctixalus spinosus (Taylor, 1920)

Type locality: "Bunawan, Agusan [Province], Mindanao", Philippines.

Holotype: CM 3420.
Synonyms

Hazelia spinosa Taylor, 1920: 292
Rhacophorus (Philautus) spinosus — Ahl, 1931
Rhacophorus leprosus spinosus — Wolf, 1936
Philautus spinosus — Inger, 1954
Hazelia spinosa — Liem, 1970
Edwardtayloria spinosa — Marx, 1975
Nyctixalus spinosus — Dubois, 1981

References
Primary references

Taylor, E.H. 1920. Philippine Amphibia. Philippine Journal of Science 16(3): 213–359. BHL Reference page.
Wolf, S. 1936. Revision der Untergattung Rhacophorus (ausschliesslich der Madagaskar-Formen). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 12: 137–217. PDF Reference page.
Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 257.
Frost, D.R. 2021. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. DOI: 10.5531/db.vz.0001 Nyctixalus spinosus . Accessed on 07 July 2008.
2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN: Nyctixalus spinosus (Vulnerable) Downloaded on 07 July 2008.

Vernacular names
English: Spiny Indonesian Treefrog

The spiny tree frog (Nyctixalus spinosum) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.[2][3] It is endemic to the Philippines and occurs on Mindanao, Leyte, Bohol, and Basilan,[2] possibly wider.[1][3]
Description

Males measure about 35 mm (1.4 in) and females about 41 mm (1.6 in) in snout–vent length. The body is elongated, tapering from the temporal region. There are prominent spinose tubercles on all dorsal surfaces, especially on the eyelids. The tympanum is distinct. The colouration is brown about with some yellow spots, and yellow or orange below. Fingers are unwebbed but toes have some webbing. Males have nuptial pads but appear to lack vocal sacks.[4]
Habitat and conservation

Its natural habitats are montane and lowland rainforests. It is a forest floor species that lays its eggs in tree holes. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agriculture and human settlement.[1]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Theloderma spinosum.

IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Nyctixalus spinosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T26156A176743176. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T26156A176743176.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Theloderma spinosum (Taylor, 1920)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
"Theloderma spinosum". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
Inger, Robert F. (1954). "Systematics and zoogeography of Philippine amphibia". Fieldiana: Zoology. 33 (4): 183–531. (pages 407–409)