Cladus: Eukaryota
Supergroup: Opisthokonta
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Anura
Subordo: Neobatrachia
Familia: Bufonidae
Genus: Bufo
Species:[1] B. aspinius - B. bankorensis - B. bufo - B. eichwaldi - B. gargarizans - B. japonicus - B. kabischi - B. minshanicus - B. tibetanus - B. torrenticola - B. tuberculatus - B. verrucosissimus - B. wolongensis
Group[2] "Bufo"
B. ailaoanus - B. arabicus - B. atukoralei - B. beddomii - B. brevirostris - B. cryptotympanicus - B. dhufarensis - B. dodsoni - B. hololius - B. kotagamai - B. koynayensis - B. mauritanicus - B. olivaceus - B. pageoti - B. parietalis - B. pentoni - B. scaber - B. scorteccii - B. silentvalleyensis - B. stejnegeri - B. stomaticus - B. stuarti - B. sumatranus - B. tihamicus - B. valhallae
Note
Many herpetologists also include the species considered by Frost et al. to be in the genera Anaxyrus, Incilius, and Rhinella in the genus Bufo (e.g., see Pauly et al., 2004).
Name
Bufo Laurenti, 1768
Type species: Bufo vulgaris Laurenti, 1768 (= Bufo bufo)
Synonyms
* Buffo — Lacépède, 1788
* Batrachus Rafinesque, 1814
* Bufotes Rafinesque, 1815
* Palaeophrynos Tschudi, 1838
* Palaeophryne — Fitzinger, 1843
* Phryne Fitzinger, 1843
* Pegaeus Gistel, 1868
* Platosphus de lIsle, 1877
* Bufavus Portis, 1885
* Torrentophryne Yang, Liu & Rao, 1996
References
* Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 25.
* Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis, and D. C, Cannatella. (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
* Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297.
Notes
1. ↑ Most of the species of Bufo were transfered by Frost et. al. (2006) to other genera. This action has been rejected many herpetologists, because the relationships of the taxa are not yet clear. See Pauly et al. (2004) for phylogenetic relationships of Bufo in the broader sense.
2. ↑ This group includes the species which Frost et. al. didn't resolve their exact afinity. They wait to be placed in the proper genus after further research. Other researchers prefer to retain many more species in Bufo to avoid this problem and to retain the usual sense of the name Bufo (e.g., see Pauly et al., 2004).
Vernacular names
Internationalization
English: Toads
Galego: Sapos
日本語: ヒキガエル属
中文: 蟾蜍屬
