Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Megophryidae
Subfamilia: Megophryinae
Genus: Brachytarsophrys
Species: Brachytarsophrys carinense
Name
Brachytarsophrys carinense (Boulenger, 1889)
Type locality: "Western slope of Karens Mountains, East of Toungoo, at an altitude of 800 metres and upwards", Myanmar.
Lectotype: MSNG 29689.
Synonyms
Leptobrachium carinense Boulenger, 1889
Megalophrys carinensis — Boulenger, 1903
Megophrys carinensis — Pope & Boring, 1940
Megophrys (Megophrys) carinensis — Dubois, 1980
Brachytarsophrys carinensis — Tian & Hu, 1983
Megophrys (Brachytarsophrys) carinensis — Dubois, 1987
Brachytarsophrys carinense — Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2006
References
Boulenger, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 2, 7: 748.
Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17.
Frost, D.R. 2021. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. DOI: 10.5531/db.vz.0001 Brachytarsophrys carinense . Accessed on 08 June 2008.
2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN: Brachytarsophrys carinense (Least Concern) Downloaded on 08 June 2008. (as Brachytarsophrys carinensis)
Vernacular names
English: Karin Hills Spadefoot Toad
Brachytarsophrys carinense (common names: Burmese horned toad, Karin Hills frog, and many others) is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae.[2] It is now understood to include Brachytarsophrys platyparietus of China. Defined this way, its distribution area includes southern Myanmar and the adjacent Thailand and southern China.[2]
In Thailand, it is found in Doi Suthep–Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province[3] and in Khao Nan National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province.
Taxonomy
Brachytarsophrys platyparietus Rao & Yang, 1997 is now considered a synonym of Brachytarsophrys carinense.[2] This taxon represented the Chinese component of the present B. carinense. In 2004 the International Union for Conservation of Nature assessed Brachytarsophrys platyparietus to be of "Least concern".[4]
Description
Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova (1893) (18412624161).jpg
Brachytarsophrys carinense are large frogs, particularly females: males grow to about 89 mm (3.5 in) and females to about 137 mm (5.4 in) in snout-vent length. Tadpoles are small in comparison, up to 42 mm (1.7 in) in length.[5]
Habitat and conservation
Brachytarsophrys carinense are associated with forest streams where their larvae develop. In China it is common where it occurs, whereas in Myanmar and Thailand it is considered to be uncommon to rare.[1][4]
The species is widespread and there are no major threats, but it is potentially threatened by habitat loss.[1] In China it is collected for local consumption, but at present this is not a major threat.[4]
Behavior
When disturbed, it produces a distress call that is a loud scream lasting 6 to 10 seconds long.[3][6][7][8]
References
van Dijk, P.P. & Ohler, A. (2004). "Brachytarsophrys carinense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Brachytarsophrys carinense (Boulenger, 1889)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
Daengsri, Siriwat and Worapot Boonkhuamdee. 2008. Self-defence techniques of the Burmese Horned Frog Brachytarsophrys carinensis (Anura: Megophryidae). [พฤติกรรมการป้องกันศัตรูของอึ่งกรายข้างแถบ (Brachytarsophrys carinensis)]. Ecological Notes, Vol.2, No.2 (Apr.-Jun. 2008):27-29. Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research.
Lau, M.W.N. (2004). "Brachytarsophrys platyparietus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
Fei, L. (1999). Atlas of Amphibians of China (in Chinese). Zhengzhou: Henan Press of Science and Technology. pp. 102–104. ISBN 7-5349-1835-9.
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