Anaxyrus

Cladus: Eukaryota
Supergroup: Opisthokonta
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Anura
Subordo: Neobatrachia
Familia: Bufonidae
Genus: Anaxyrus
Species: A. americanus - A. baxteri - A. boreas - A. californicus - A. canorus - A. cognatus - A. compactilis - A. debilis - A. exsul - A. fowleri - A. hemiophrys - A. houstonensis - A. kelloggi - A. mexicanus - A. microscaphus - A. nelsoni - A. punctatus - A. quercicus - A. retiformis - A. speciosus - A. terrestris - A. woodhousii

Name

Anaxyrus Tschudi, 1845

Type species: Anaxyrus melancholicus Tschudi, 1845

Note

The recognition of Anaxyrus as a genus distinct from Bufo is highly controversial, and has not been accepted by many herpetologists working with this group. For a complete phylogeny of the species in this group and their relationships as a subgroup within Bufo, see Pauly et al. (2004).

Synonyms

* Incilius Cope, 1863
* Dromoplectrus Camerano, 1879
* Bufo (Anaxyrus) (subgenus)

References

* Tschudi, 1845, Arch. Naturgesch., 11: 170.
* Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis, and D. C, Cannatella. (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.

Vernacular names
Internationalization
English: True Toads

Anaxyrus is a genus of true toads in the family Bufonidae. The genus is endemic to North America and Central America. Some authors consider Anaxyrus to be a subgenus within Bufo.[1]

Species

Binomial name	Described by, year	Common name
Anaxyrus americanus ↔ Bufo americanus	Holbrook, 1836	American toad
Anaxyrus baxteri ↔ Bufo baxteri	Porter, 1968	Wyoming toad
Anaxyrus boreas ↔ Bufo boreas	Baird & Girard, 1852	western toad
Anaxyrus californicus ↔ Bufo californicus	Camp, 1915	arroyo toad
Anaxyrus canorus ↔ Bufo canorus	Camp, 1916	Yosemite toad
Anaxyrus cognatus ↔ Bufo cognatus	Say, 1823	Great Plains toad
Anaxyrus compactilis ↔ Bufo compactilis	Wiegmann, 1833	plateau toad, Texas toad
Anaxyrus debilis ↔ Bufo debilis	Girard, 1854	North American green toad
Anaxyrus exsul ↔ Bufo exsul	G. Myers, 1942	black toad
Anaxyrus fowleri ↔ Bufo fowleri	Hinckley, 1882	Fowler's toad
Anaxyrus hemiophrys ↔ Bufo hemiophrys	Cope, 1886	Canadian toad
Anaxyrus houstonensis ↔ Bufo houstonensis	Sanders, 1953	Houston toad
Anaxyrus kelloggi ↔ Bufo kelloggi	Taylor, 1938	little Mexican toad
Anaxyrus mexicanus ↔ Bufo mexicanus	Brocchi, 1879	southwestern toad
Anaxyrus microscaphus ↔ Bufo microscaphus	Cope, 1867	Arizona toad
Anaxyrus monfontanus ↔ Bufo monfontanus	Gordon, Simandle, Sandmeier & Tracy, 2020^[1]	Hot Creek toad
Anaxyrus nelsoni ↔ Bufo nelsoni	Stejneger, 1893	Amargosa toad
Anaxyrus nevadensis ↔ Bufo nevadensis	Gordon, Simandle, Sandmeier & Tracy, 2020^[1]	Railroad Valley toad
Anaxyrus punctatus ↔ Bufo punctatus	Baird & Girard, 1852	red-spotted toad, Baird's spotted toad
Anaxyrus quercicus ↔ Bufo quercicus	Holbrook, 1840	oak toad
Anaxyrus retiformis ↔ Bufo retiformis	Sanders and H.M. Smith, 1951	Sonoran green toad
Anaxyrus speciosus ↔ Bufo speciosus	Girard, 1854	Texas toad
Anaxyrus terrestris ↔ Bufo terrestris	Bonnaterre, 1789	southern toad
Anaxyrus williamsi ↔ Bufo williamsi	Gordon, Simandle, and Tracy, 2017	Dixie Valley toad
Anaxyrus woodhousii ↔ Bufo woodhousii	Girard, 1854	Woodhouse's toad

References

Gordon, Michelle R.; Simandle, Eric T.; Sandmeier, Franziska C.; Tracy, C. Richard (2020). "Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])". Copeia. 108 (1): 166–183. doi:10.1643/CH-18-086. ISSN 0045-8511.

External links

Frost DR, Grant T, Faivovich JN, Bain RH, Haas A, Haddad CLFB, De Sá RO, Channing A, Wilkinson M, Donnellan SC, Raxworthy CJ, Campbell JA, Blotto BL, Moler P, Drewes RC, Nussbaum RA, Lynch JD, Green DM, Wheeler WC (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781.
Pauly GB, Hillis DM, Cannatella DC (November 2004). "The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo)". Evolution. 58 (11): 2517–2535. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00881.x. PMID 15612295.
Pauly, Gregory B.; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C. (June 2009). "Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names". Herpetologica. 65 (2): 115–128. doi:10.1655/08-031R1.1.