Ambystoma dumerilii

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Urodela
Subordo: Salamandroidea

Familia: Ambystomatidae
Genus: Ambystoma
Species: Ambystoma dumerilii
Name

Ambystoma dumerilii (Dugès, 1870)

Type locality: "laguna de Pátzcuaro", Michoacán, Mexico, 2055 feet altitude.

Syntypes: USNM 1620116202, ANSP 13862.
Synonyms

Siredon dumerilii Dugès, 1870
Amblystoma dumerili — Cope, 1889
Ambystoma dumerili — Lafrentz, 1930
Bathysiredon dumerilii — Dunn, 1939
Siredon dumerilii — Smith, 1939
Bathysiredon dumerilii — Smith & Necker, 1943
Bathysiredon dumerilii dumerilii — Maldonado-Koerdell, 1948
Bathysiredon dumerilii queretarensis Maldonado-Koerdell, 1948
Ambystoma (Bathysiredon) dumerilii — Tihen, 1958
Ambystoma queretarense — Smith & Smith, 1976

References

Dugès 1870. Una nueva especie de ajolote de la Laguna de Patzcuaro. La Naturaleza 1: 241–244. BHL Reference page.
Smith, H.M. & Necker, W.L. 1943. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas 3: 214.
Frost, D. 2008. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.2 (15 July, 2008). Electronic Database accessible at www.research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Ambystoma dumerilii
AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2010. Berkeley, California: Ambystoma dumerilii. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/.
IUCN: Ambystoma dumerilii (Critically Endangered) Downloaded on 26 July 2008.

Vernacular names
български: Дюмерилова амбистома
Deutsch: Dumerils Querzahnmolch
English: Lake Patzcuaro Salamander
español: Achoque
中文: 钝口螈

The Lake Patzcuaro salamander, locally known as achoque, Ambystoma dumerilii, is a neotenic salamander species.

This salamander is found in Lake Pátzcuaro, a high-altitude lake in the Mexican state of Michoacán. This is located in the Mesa Central region of the country, home to many isolated Ambystoma species.

There have been claims that a subspecies is found further inland to the north-east in San Juan del Río, Querétaro, but this is doubtful due to the animal's wholly aquatic nature.

Dumerilii retain their larval characteristics throughout their entire life. This results in adults that have long, heavily filamented external gills, gill slits lined with tooth-like gill rakers, and caudal fins. Patzcuaro salamanders are usually yellowish in color, with a lighter shade on their underbellies. They have large heads and reduced limbs. They are opportunistic suction feeders, and eat many types of invertebrates.[2]

Recently, this salamander has been used in research as a counterpoint to the more common captive-bred axolotl. Patzcuaro salamanders have been hybridized with axolotls, and used in mitochondrial studies for comparison.

Due to habitat destruction, pollution and the introduction of predatory fish the population has decreased severely in the past decades. It is listed as Critically endangered in the IUCN red list and in Appendix II CITES. There may be fewer than 100 individuals in the wild.[3]

Conservation

Experts from Chester Zoo and Michoacan University have partnered with the Sisters of the Monastery of the Dominican Order in Pátzcuaro to breed the endangered salamander.[3] [4]The sisters have sustainably raised achoques for use in traditional medicine for 150 years.[3] The breeding facility at the convent has two tanks for up to 400 salamanders. The achoques are measured, microchipped and paired for breeding by the sisters.[3]

Chester Zoo and Michoacan University have populations of achoques, nonetheless, the population at the convent is the most viable since it is closest to the achoque's native habitat and the salamanders are thus less likely to be exposed to foreign pathogens.[3] Trial releases of achoques may begin in 2020.[3]
See also

Axolotl
Decline in amphibian populations

References

IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Ambystoma dumerilii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T59055A53973725. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T59055A53973725.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
"London Zoo information plaque".
Zachos, Elaina (19 June 2018). "Nuns Resurrect Endangered Salamanders in First-of-its-Kind Conservation Effort". National Geographic. Retrieved 22 June 2018.

Giller, Geoffrey. "In a Remote Covent, an Endangered Salamander Finds a Shot at Renewal". New York Times. Retrieved 31 July 2018.