Scolopendridae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Classis: Chilopoda
Ordo: Scolopendromorpha

Familia: Scolopendridae
Subfamilia: Otostigminae - Scolopendrinae
Overview of genera (48)

Alipes – Alluropus – Arthrorhabdus – Asanada – Calcaria – Cormocephalus – Digitipes – Edentistoma – Ethmostigmus – Hemiscolopendra – Otostigmus – Psiloscolopendra – Rhysida – Scolopendra – Scolopendropsis – Sterropristes – Tonkinodentus
Name

Scolopendridae Newport, 1844
Synonyms

Otostigmidae

References

Newport G., 1844. Monograph on the Myriapoda Chilopoda [conclusion]. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 1:191–196 (BHL).
Kronmüller, C. & Lewis, J.G.E. 2015: On the function of the ultimate legs of some Scolopendridae (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). Zookeys 510: 269–278. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.510.8674 full article view Reference page.
Schileyko, A.A. & Solovyeva, E.N. 2019. On the taxonomic position of the enigmatic genus Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha): the first molecular data. Zookeys, 840: 133–155. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.840.33635 Reference page.

Scolopendridae (or, in older documents, Scolopendridæ)[1] is a family of large centipedes (class Chilopoda).
Description

Nearly all species in this family have four ocelli (simple eyes) on each side of the head and only 21 pairs of legs, but there are exceptions: two scolopendrid species feature more legs (Scolopendropsis bahiensis, with 21 or 23 leg pairs,[2] and S. duplicata, with 39 or 43 leg pairs),[3] and some scolopendrid species are eyeless and blind (e.g., Cormocephalus sagmus, C. pyropygus, and C. delta).[4][5] Three Asian members of this family, Scolopendra cataracta, Scolopendra paradoxa, and Scolopendra alcyona, are known to show amphibious behaviour.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Two other species, Scolopendra hardwickei and Hemiscolopendra marginata, are known to show sexual dimorphism in the composition of their venom.[12][13]
Genera
Subfamily Otostigminae (Kraepelin, 1903)[14][15]
Tribe Otostigmini (Kraeplin, 1903)[16]

Alipes Imhoff, 1854
Alluropus Silvestri, 1911
Digitipes Attems, 1930
Edentistoma Tömösváry,1882
Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898
Otostigmus Porat, 1876
Rhysida Wood, 1862

Tribe Sterropristini (Verhoeff, 1937) [17][18]

Sterropristes Attems, 1934

Subfamily Scolopendrinae (Leach, 1814)[19][14]

Arthrorhabdus Pocock, 1891 (= Arthrorhabdinus)
Asanada Meinert, 1885 (= Pseudocryptops)
Asanadopsis Würmli, 1972
Campylostigmus Ribaut, 1923
Notiasemus Koch, 1985

Procrytops Piton, 1940
Psiloscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903
Rhoda Meinert, 1886 (= Pithopus)
Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758
Scolopendropsis Brandt, 1841
Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992

The earliest record of this family is †Cratoraricrus, an extinct genus from the Early Cretaceous of the Crato Formation of Brazil.[20]
References

The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Vol. 7. London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd. 1891.
Schileyko, Arkady A. (2006). "Redescription of Scolopendropsis bahiensis (Brandt, 1841), the relations between Scolopendropsis and Rhoda, and notes on some characters used in scolopendromorph taxonomy (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha)". Arthropoda Selecta. 15 (1): 9–17 – via ResearchGate.
Chagas-Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Minelli, Alessandro (2008-09-29). "Variability in trunk segmentation in the centipede order Scolopendromorpha: a remarkable new species of Scolopendropsis Brandt (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) from Brazil". Zootaxa. 1888 (1): 36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1888.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. S2CID 86220862.
Jiang, Chao; Bai, Yunjun; Shi, Mengxuan; Liu, Juan (2020-12-05). "Rediscovery and phylogenetic relationships of the scolopendromorph centipede Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 (Chilopoda): a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China, for more than one century". ZooKeys (932): 75–91. doi:10.3897/zookeys.932.51461. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 7239954. PMID 32476974.
Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Huey, Joel A.; Humphreys, William F.; Hillyer, Mia; Burger, Mieke A.; Volschenk, Erich S.; Waldock, Julianne M. (2019). "Blind scolopendrid centipedes of the genus Cormocephalus from subterranean habitats in Western Australia (Myriapoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)". Invertebrate Systematics. 33 (6): 807–824. doi:10.1071/IS19015. ISSN 1445-5226. S2CID 209585200.
Anderson, Natali (2021-04-22). "Scientists Discover New Amphibious Species of Centipede | Sci.News". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
Holmes, O. (1 July 2016). "Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
Bates, M. (26 June 2016). "'Horrific' First Amphibious Centipede Discovered". National Geographic. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
Gravely, F.H. ″Two new species of Scolopendridae″, Records of the Indian Museum, Volume 7, 1912, p. 415
Siriwut, W.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Sutcharit, C.; Tongkerd, P.; Panha, S. (2016). "A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos". ZooKeys (590): 1–124. doi:10.3897/zookeys.590.7950. PMC 4926625. PMID 27408540.
"Centipede". VEDANTU. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
Undheim, Eivind & Richards, David & Ngum, Neville & Tooth, David & Kim, Dong-Hyun & Mellor, Ian. (2019). When sex matters: Dramatic sexual dimorphism in the venom and venom system of the centipede Scolopendra hardwickei. Toxicon. 158. S5. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.024.
Nystrom, Gunnar S.; Ward, Micaiah J.; Ellsworth, Schyler A.; Rokyta, Darin R. (Nov 2019). "Sex-based venom variation in the eastern bark centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata)". Toxicon. 169: 45–58. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.001. ISSN 1879-3150. PMID 31445069. S2CID 201644874.
"Scolopendridae Leach 1814 - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
"ITIS - Report: Otostigminae". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
"Otostigmini Kraepelin 1903". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
"Sterropristini Verhoeff 1937". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
Muadsub, Sawitree; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Pimvichai, Piyatida; Enghoff, Henrik; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Panha, Somsak (2012-09-14). "Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)". Zootaxa. 3484 (1): 35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
"ITIS - Report: Scolopendrinae". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
"Fossilworks: Cratoraricrus oberlii". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.