Helochares

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Infraordo: Staphyliniformia
Superfamilia: Hydrophiloidea

Familia: Hydrophilidae
Subfamilia: Hydrophilinae
Tribus: Acidocerini
Genus: Helochares
Subgenera: H. (Batochares) – H. (Helochares) – H. (Helocharimorphus) – H. (Hydrobaticus) – H. (Sindolus)
Species overview (Palearctic)

H. anchoralis – H. andreinii – H. atropiceus – H. crenatuloides – H. crenatus – H. densus – H. distinctus – H. guoi – H. laevis – H. lentus – H. lividoides – H. lividus – H. longipalpis – H. mentinotus – H. negatus – H. neglectus – H. nexus – H. nigritulus – H. nipponicus – H. obscurus – H. pallens – H. politus – H. punctatus – H. sauteri – H. sharpi – H. trujillo – H. uenoi – H. zamora
Name

Helochares Mulsant, 1844 [conserved name]

Placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion 710.
Synonyms

Helocharis Thomson, 1859
Enhydrus MacLeay, 1825 [suppressed name]
Placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion 710
Enhydrus Dahl, 1823 [published in a suppressed work]
Placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion 710
Helophilus Mulsant, 1844 [suppressed name]

Helochares is a genus of water scavenger beetles in the family Hydrophilidae, represented by 161 described species. It is distributed across the Afrotropical, Australasian, Indo-Malayan, Nearctic, and Palearctic realms. [1]

Taxonomy

Helochares is one of the largest and most taxonomically problematic genera within the Acidocerinae. It was originally described by Étienne Mulsant in 1844. [2]

For a long time Helochares contained five subgenera: Batochares (currently regognized as a separate genus [3]), Helochares, Helocharimorphus (now synonymized under Helochares [1]), Hydrobaticus (now synonymized under Helochares [1]), and Sindolus (currently regognized as a separate genus [3]).

Several taxa that used to be recognized as typical Helochares are now assigned to newly created genera (e.g., Colossochares, Novochares) or re-assigned to exinsting genera (i.e., Peltochares), based on a phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data. [3]
Description

As currently defined, Helochares contains small to medium-sized beetles (2–7 mm), which are yellowish to brown in coloration. There is a lot of variation in the impression of the elytral punctation, and the aedeagal forms are also highly variable (see Figure 37 in Girón and Short 2021).[1] A detailed diagnosis can be found in Girón and Short 2021. [1]
Species

Helochares aeacus Balfour-Browne, 1952 [4]
Helochares aethiopicus d'Orchymont, 1939 [5]
Helochares alberti d'Orchymont, 1943 [6]
Helochares alcimus d'Orchymont, 1943 [7]
Helochares alcinous Balfour-Browne, 1948 [8]
Helochares altus d'Orchymont, 1943 [9]
Helochares anchoralis Sharp, 1890 [10]
Helochares ancoroides Hebauer, 2001 [11]
Helochares anchoralis expansus Knisch, 1921
Helochares andreinii d'Orchymont, 1939 [12]
Helochares androgynus Hebauer, 1996 [13]
Helochares anthonyae Watts, 1995 [14]
Helochares balfourbrownei Hansen, 1999 [15]
Helochares basilewskyi Balfour-Browne, 1957 [16]
Helochares bilardoi Hebauer, 2009 [17]
Helochares blaesus d'Orchymont, 1936
Helochares bohemani d'Orchymont, 1936
Helochares camerunensis d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares cancellatus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
Helochares championi Sharp, 1882 [19]
Helochares chappuisi Balfour-Browne, 1952 [20]
Helochares clypeatus (Blackburn, 1891)
Helochares collarti d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares compactus Hebauer, 2001 [11]
Helochares conformis Hebauer, 1995 [21]
Helochares congoensis d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares congruens d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares conjectus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares crenatostriatus Régimbart, 1903
Helochares crenatuloides d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares crenatus Régimbart, 1903
Helochares crepitus Balfour-Browne, 1950 [22]
Helochares cresphontes d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares crespulus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares crispus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares dalhuntyi Watts, 1995 [14]
Helochares densepunctus Régimbart, 1907
Helochares densus Sharp, 1890 [10]
Helochares dentalus d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares denudatus d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares depactus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares diductus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares didymoides Balfour-Browne, 1947
Helochares didymus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares difficilis d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares dilutus (Erichson, 1843)
Helochares dilutus consputus Boheman, 1851 [23]
Helochares dimorphus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares distinctus Jia & Tang, 2021 [24]
Helochares dollmani Balfour-Browne, 1950
Helochares dolus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares egregius Balfour-Browne, 1952
Helochares endroedyi Hebauer, 1996 [13]
Helochares fratris Hebauer, 2003 [25]
Helochares fulgurans Hebauer, 1995 [26]
Helochares fuliginosus d'Orchymont, 1932 [27]
Helochares goticus Hebauer, 1996
Helochares guoi Yang & Jia, 2021 [24]
Helochares hainanensis Dong and Bian, 2021 [28]
Helochares hiekei Hebauer, 1995 [26]
Helochares insolitus d'Orchymont, 1925
Helochares interjectus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
Helochares iteratus Hebauer, 1996 [13]
Helochares itylus Balfour-Browne, 1952
Helochares ivani Hebauer, 1996
Helochares kerstinneumanni Hebauer, 2009 [17]
Helochares knischi d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares laevis Short and Girón, 2018 [29]
Helochares lamprus d'Orchymont, 1940
Helochares lentus Sharp, 1890 [10]
Helochares lepidus d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares leptinus d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares letus d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares livianus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares lividoides Hansen and Hebauer, 1988 [30]
Helochares lividus (Forster, 1771)
Helochares lobatus d'Orchymont, 1948
Helochares lollius d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares loticus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
Helochares loweryae Watts, 1995 [14]
Helochares luridus (MacLeay, 1871)
Helochares lutulentus Balfour-Browne, 1952
Helochares maculatus Hebauer, 1988 [31]
Helochares maculicollis Mulsant, 1844 [2]
Helochares madli Hebauer, 2002 [32]
Helochares marreensis Watts, 1995 [14]
Helochares mecarus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares mediastinus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares melanophthalmus (Mulsant, 1844) [2]
Helochares mendosus Hebauer, 1996 [13]
Helochares mentinotus Kuwert, 1888
Helochares menulus d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares meracus Balfour-Browne, 1950
Helochares mersus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares minax d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares minor d'Orchymont, 1925
Helochares minusculus d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares namcatensis Hebauer, 2002 [32]
Helochares nebridius d'Orchymont, 1940
Helochares negatus Hebauer, 1995
Helochares neglectus (Hope, 1845)
Helochares nexus Short and Girón, 2018 [29]
Helochares nigrifrons Brancsik, 1893
Helochares nigripalpis Hebauer and Hendrich, 1999 [33]
Helochares nigritulus Kuwert, 1889
Helochares nigroseriatus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
Helochares niobelus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares nipponicus Hebauer, 1995 [26]
Helochares normatus (LeConte, 1861)
Helochares notaticollis Régimbart, 1906
Helochares notaticollis curtus Régimbart, 1906
Helochares obliquus Mart, İncekara and Karaca, 2010 [34]
Helochares obscurus (Müller, 1776)
Helochares opacus Hebauer, 2009 [17]
Helochares pallens (MacLeay, 1825)
Helochares parallelus Hebauer, 1999 [35]
Helochares percyi Watts, 1995 [14]
Helochares perminutus Hebauer, 1996 [13]
Helochares phallicus d'Orchymont, 1936
Helochares politus Short and Girón, 2018 [29]
Helochares punctatus Sharp, 1869 [36]
Helochares rugipennis Balfour-Browne, 1958
Helochares salvazai d'Orchymont, 1919
Helochares sauteri d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares schoedli Hebauer, 1996 [13]
Helochares schwendingeri Hebauer, 1995 [26]
Helochares scitulus Balfour-Browne, 1952
Helochares sechellensis Régimbart, 1903
Helochares serpentinus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
Helochares sharpi (Kuwert, 1890) [37]
Helochares silvester Hebauer, 2009 [17]
Helochares simulator Knisch, 1922
Helochares skalei Hebauer, 2002 [32]
Helochares songi Jia and Tang, 2018
Helochares steffani Hebauer, 2002 [32]
Helochares stenius d'Orchymont, 1943
Helochares striatus (Boheman, 1851) [23]
Helochares strictus d'Orchymont, 1939
Helochares strigellus Hebauer, 2002 [32]
Helochares structus d'Orchymont, 1936
Helochares sublineatus Hebauer, 2002 [32]
Helochares subseriatus Hebauer, 2009 [17]
Helochares subtilis d'Orchymont, 1936
Helochares sufflavus Balfour-Browne, 1952
Helochares sylvaticus Balfour-Browne, 1957
Helochares tamsi Balfour-Browne, 1947
Helochares tatei (Blackburn, 1896)
Helochares tengchongensis Dong and Bian, 2021 [28]
Helochares tenuistriatus Régimbart, 1908
Helochares tertius Hebauer, 1996 [13]
Helochares thurmerae Watts, 1995 [14]
Helochares tristis (MacLeay, 1871)
Helochares trujillo Short and Girón, 2018 [29]
Helochares uenoi Matsui, 1995 [38]
Helochares uhligi Hebauer, 1999 [35]
Helochares vitalisi d'Orchymont, 1919
Helochares wagneri Hebauer, 2002 [32]
Helochares wattsi Hebauer and Hendrich, 1999 [33]
Helochares wuzhifengensis Dong and Bian, 2021 [28]
Helochares yangae Hebauer, Hendrich, and Balke, 1999 [39]
Helochares zamora Short and Girón, 2018 [29]

References

Girón, Jennifer C.; Short, Andrew Edward Z. (2021-06-18). "The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species". ZooKeys (1045): 1–236. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 8233300. PMID 34228772.
Mulsant, E. (1844). Histoire naturelle des coléoptères de France: Palpicornes. Vol. 5. Maison.
Short, Andrew Edward Z.; Girón, Jennifer C.; Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A. (2021). "Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America". Systematic Entomology. 46 (2): 380–395. doi:10.1111/syen.12467. ISSN 1365-3113. S2CID 232264478.
Balfour-Browne, J. (1952). "Contribution à l'étude du peuplement de la Mauritanie. Coléoptères Hydrophilides". Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire. 14 (2): 513–517.
d’Orchymont, A. (1939). "L'Helochares minutissimus Kuwert, vrai". Bulletin et Annales de la So-ciété entomologique de Belgique. 79: 196–198.
d’Orchymont, A. (1943). "Nouvelles notes sur les Helochares (Hydrobaticus) (Coleoptera Palpi-cornia Hydrophilidae)". Bulletin du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique. 19 (20): 1–12.
d’Orchymont, A. (1943). "Nouvelles notes sur les Helochares (Hydrobaticus). (Coleoptera Palpicornia Hydrophilidae)". Bulletin du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique. 19 (20): 1–12.
Balfour-Browne, J. (1947-12-01). "LXXV.—New East African Palpicornia". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 14 (120): 817–833. doi:10.1080/00222934708654695. ISSN 0374-5481.
d’Orchymont, A. (1943). "Palpicornia (Coleoptera) VI". Bulletin du Musée royal d'histoire na-turelle de Belgique. 19 (60): 1–12.
Sharp, David (1890). "IX. On some aquatic Coleoptera from Ceylon". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 38 (2): 339–359. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1890.tb03026.x. ISSN 1365-2311.
Hebauer, F. (2001). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hydrophilidae von Neuguinea. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungsreisen von M. Balke und L. Hendrich nach West Neuguinea (Irian Jaya) in den Jahren 1990–1998 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 17 (1): 3–72.
d’Orchymont, A. (1939). "Helochares (Hydrobaticus) Andreinii n. sp. H. melanophthalmus Régimbart, 1905 (nec Mulsant, non Reiche)". Redia. 25: 319–323.
Hebauer, F. (1996). "Synopsis der afrikanischen Arten der Gattung Helochares Mulsant (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 12: 3–38.
Watts, C.H.S. (1995). "Revision of the Australasian genera Agraphydrus Rogimbart, Chasmogenus Sharp and Helochares Mulsant (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Records of the South Australian Museum. 28 (1): 113–130.
Hansen, M. (1999). World catalogue of insects (Volume 2). Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera). Stenstrup: Apollo Books. pp. 414 pp.
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Hebauer, F. (2009). "Five new species of the genus Helochares MacLeay, 1871 from Gabon and the Congo (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 25: 3–8.
Hebauer, F. (1998). "Six new species of the genus Helochares Mulsant, 1844, subgenus Hydrobaticus Mac Leay, 1871 from Africa and Asia (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 14: 41–46.
Sharp, D. (1882). Fam. Hydrophilidae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta. Coleoptera. Volume 1. Part 2. Vol. 1. pp. 53–80.
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Hebauer, Franz (1995). "Die Hydrophilidae und Spercheidae Namibias Unter Berücksichtigung des Materials der Namibia-Expedition des Museums für Naturkunde Berlin 1992, ergänzt durch Nachweise aus früheren Namibia- und Kalahari-Expeditionen (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea : Hydrophilidae et Spercheidae)". Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut für Spezielle Zoologie (Berlin) (in German). 71 (2): 251–275. doi:10.1002/mmnz.19950710206. ISSN 1860-0743.
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Boheman, C. H. (1851). Insecta Caffrariæ annis 1838–1845 a J. A. Wahlberg col-lecta (Vol. 1). Coleoptera. Holmiæ: Fritze & Norstedt. pp. 625 pp.
Yang, Zhenming; Jia, Fenglong; Tang, Yudan; Jiang, Lu (2021-12-16). "Two new species of Helochares, with additional faunistic records from China (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)". ZooKeys (1078): 57–83. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1078.73458. ISSN 1313-2970. PMID 35068953.
Hebauer, F. (2003). "Checklist of the Malagasy Helochares with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 19 (1): 67–69.
Hebauer, F. (1995). "Neues zu den Acidocerina Hansen (Helocharae d'Orchymont) der indomalaiischen Region (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 11 (3): 3–14.
Hendrich, Lars; Yang, C.M. (1999). "A contribution to the knowledge of the water beetle fauna of Palau Tioman, peninsular Malaysia (Coleoptera: Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Scirtidae, Limnichidae)" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 6: 253–262. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2015.
Dong, Xue; Bian, Dongju (2021-03-29). "Three new species and two new records of Helochares (Hydrobaticus) MacLeay, 1871 from China (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)". Zootaxa. 4950 (1): 166–180. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.9. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 33903325. S2CID 233410003.
Short, A. E. Z.; Girón, J. C. (2018-04-09). "Review of the Helochares (Hydrobaticus) MacLeay of the New World (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)". Zootaxa. 4407 (1): 29–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4407.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 29690204.
Hansen, Michael; Hebauer, Franz (1988-01-01). "A new species of Helochares from Israel, with a key to the European and some Near East species (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 19 (1): 27–30. doi:10.1163/187631289X00023. ISSN 1876-312X.
Hebauer, F. (1988). "Hydrophiloidea aus Namibia (Coleoptera; Hydrophilidae, Spercheidae)". Bonner zoologische Beiträge. 39: 153–161.
Hebauer, F. (2002). "New Hydrophilidae of the Old World (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 18 (3): 3–24.
Hebauer, Franz; Hendrich, Lars (1999). "Two new species of Helochares from Northern Australia (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Entomological Problems. 30 (1): 47–51.
Mart, Abdullah; Incekara, Umit; Karaca, Hanifi (2010). "A new species and records of Hydrophiliae (Coleoptera) from Turkey" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Zoology. 34: 297–303. doi:10.3906/zoo-0905-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2015.
Hebauer, F. (1999). "Neue und wenig bekannte Hydrophiloidea aus dem südlichen Afrika (Co-leoptera: Hydrophiloidea)". Acta Coleopterologica. 15 (2): 7–16.
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Kuwert, A. (1890). "Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europäischen Coleopteren. XIX. Heft. Hydroph-ilidae. I. Abteilung: Hydrophilini". Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins in Brünn. 28 [1889]: 1–121.
Matsui, E. (1995). "A new species of the genus Helochares (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Japan, with a key to the Japanese species of the subgenus Hydrobaticus". Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterology. 4: 317–322.
Hebauer, Franz; Hendrich, Lars; Balke, Michael (1999). "A contribution to the knowledge of the water beetle fauna (Col. Hydradephaga, Hydrophiloidea and Staphylinoidea) of a tropical freshwater lake: Tasek Cini, Pahang, West Malaysia" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 47 (2): 333–348. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2015.
Placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion 710
Helophygas Motschulsky, 1853 [suppressed name]
Placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion 710
Pylophilus Motschulsky, 1845
Peloxenus Motschulsky, 1845
Stagnicola Montrouzier, 1860
Neohydrobius Blackburn, 1898

References

Dahl, G. 1823. Coleoptera und Lepidoptera. Ein systematisches Verzeichniss, mit beygesetzten Preisen der Vorräthe. J.E. Akkermann, Wien. iv + 105 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.124180 Open access. BHL. [suppressed by the ICZN (1964) in Opinion 710] Reference page.
ICZN. 1964. Opinion 710. Enhydrus Laporte, 1834 (Insecta, Coleoptera): validated under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 21: 242–245. BHL. Reference page.

Template:Mulsant, 1844

Short, A.E.Z. 2010: Hydrophilidae: Review of the subtribe Acidocerina of the Southwest Pacific islands (Coleoptera). Pp. 297-318 in: Jäch, M.A. & Balke, M. (eds.): Water beetles of New Caledonia (part 1). Monographs on Coleoptera, 3. ISSN: 1027-8869
Short, A.E.Z. & Girón, J.C. 2018. Review of the Helochares (Hydrobaticus) MacLeay of the New World (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae). Zootaxa 4407(1): 29–50. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4407.1.2 Reference page.
Yang, Z-M., Jia, F-L., Tang, Y-D. & Jiang, L. 2021. Two new species of Helochares, with additional faunistic records from China (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae). Zookeys 1078ː 57–83. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1078.73458 Open access Reference page.

Vernacular names
русский: Омутник