Astraptes

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Hesperiidae
Subfamilia: Eudaminae
Tribus: Eudamini
Subtribus: Eudamina
Genus: Astraptes
Species (6): A. aulus – A. enotrus – A. erycina – A. halesius – A. janeira – A. mabillei

Name

Astraptes Hübner, [1819]: 103.

Type species: Papilio aulestes Cramer, [1780] (invalid, synonym of Telegonus janeira Schaus, 1902), by subsequent designation by Scudder, 1875: 122.
References
Primary references

Hübner, J. 1819. Verzeichniß bekannter Schmettlinge 2–11: 17–176. BHL Reference page.
Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. Proc. amer. Soc. Arts Sci. Boston 10: 91–293. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Bell, E.L. 1956. Descriptions of some new species of neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum novitates 1778: 1–13. PDF.Reference page.
Brower, A.V.Z. 2006: Problems with DNA barcodes for species delimitation: ‘ten species’ of Astraptes fulgerator reassessed (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Systematics and biodiversity, 4(2): 127–132. DOI: 10.1017/S147720000500191X
Brower, A.V.Z. 2010: Alleviating the taxonomic impediment of DNA barcoding and setting a bad precedent: names for ten species of ‘Astraptes fulgerator’ (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae) with DNA-based diagnoses. Systematics and biodiversity, 8(4): 485–491. DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2010.534512broken/unregistered!
Freeman, 1967: Three new species of Hesperiidae from Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists's Society 21: 115–119. full article: [1]
Freeman, H.A., 1969: Records, new species, and a new genus of Hesperiidae from Mexico (Supplement 2). The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 23 (suppl. 2): 1–64. Full article: [2].
Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page.
Li, W., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Zhang, J., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns. PNAS 116(13): 6232–6237. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821304116. Text. SI Appendix. Reference page.
Steinhauser, S.R., 1989. Taxonomic notes and descriptions of new taxa in the neotropical Hesperiidae. Part I. Pyrginae. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 127: 1–70. Reference page.

Links

BoA

Astraptes is the genus of flasher butterflies. They belong to the skipper butterfly subfamily Eudaminae, which was long included with the spread-winged skippers (Pyrginae) as a tribe. They are found in the Nearctic and Neotropical ecozones.
Astraptes and related genera depicted in Adalbert Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World

Species include:

Astraptes alardus (Stoll, 1790) – frosted flasher – Mexico to Colombia, Brazil
A. alardus alardus Suriname, Venezuela
A. alardus habana (Lucas, 1857) Cuba
A. alardus heriul (Mabille & Boullet, 1912) Dominican Republic
A. alardus latia Evans, 1952 Mexico, Costa Rica
A. alardus aquila Evans, 1952 Colombia
Astraptes alector (C. & R. Felder, 1867) – Gilbert's flasher
A. alector alector Colombia
A. alector hopfferi (Plötz, 1881) Mexico, Central America, Peru
Astraptes anaphus (Cramer, [1777]) – yellow-tipped flasher – South America, Greater Antilles to south Texas
A. anaphus anaphus Suriname, Brazil (Bahia)
A. anaphus anausis (Godman & Salvin, 1896) St. Vincent, Grenada, Dominica, Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica
A. anaphus aniza Evans, 1952 Peru
A. anaphus annetta Evans, 1952 Mexico, Costa Rica
A. anaphus anoma Evans, 1952 Trinidad
Astraptes apastus (Cramer, [1777]) Guiana, Guyane, Brazil, Peru, Trinidad, Mexico
A. apastus apastus Suriname
A. apastus pusa Evans, 1952 Brazil (Bahia)
Astraptes aulus (Plötz, 1881) Panama to Brazil
Astraptes brevicauda (Plötz, 1886) Belize, Panama, Nicaragua, Peru
Astraptes cassander (Fabricius, 1793) Cuba, Costa Rica
Astraptes chiriquensis (Staudinger, 1876) Panama to Colombia
A. chiriquensis chiriquensis Mexico, Panama, Nicaragua
A. chiriquensis meretrix (Hewitson, 1876) Ecuador
A. chiriquensis oenander (Hewitson, 1876) Brazil (Pará)
A. chiriquensis erana Evans, 1952 Ecuador
Astraptes cretatus (Hayward, 1939)
A. cretatus cretatus Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas)
A. cretatus adoba Evans, 1952 Brazil (Espírito Santo)
Astraptes creteus (Cramer, [1780]) Mexico to Amazon Brazil
A. creteus creteus Suriname
A. creteus siges (Mabille, 1903) Brazil
A. creteus crana Evans, 1952 south Mexico to Guatemala
A. creteus crilla Evans, 1952 Ecuador
A. creteus cyprus Evans, 1952 Bolivia
Astraptes egregius (Butler, 1870) – small-spotted flasher – Mexico to Colombia, Trinidad
A. egregius egregius
A. egregius coxeyi (Williams, 1931) Ecuador
Astraptes elorus (Hewitson, 1867) Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina
Astraptes enotrus (Stoll, [1781]) Guiana, Guyane, Suriname, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Trinidad
Astraptes erycina (Plötz, 1881) Brazil
Astraptes fulgerator – two-barred flasher – south Texas, Mexico to Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Trinidad
A. fulgerator fulgerator Suriname, Peru
A. fulgerator azul Reakirt, [1867]) Texas, Mexico, Bolivia
Astraptes fulgor Hayward, 1939) Argentina
Astraptes galesus (Mabille, 1888)
A. galesus galesus Peru, Ecuador
A. galesus cassius Evans, 1952 Costa Rica
Astraptes halesius (Hewitson, 1877) French Guiana, Peru
Astraptes jaira (Butler, 1870) West Indies, Jamaica
Astraptes janeira (Schaus, 1902) Brazil, Suriname, Colombia, Paraguay
Astraptes latimargo (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
A. latimargo latimargo Panama
A. latimargo bifascia (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
A. latimargo tinda Evans, 1952 Brazil (Pará)
Astraptes mabillei Steinhauser, 1989 Bolivia
Astraptes megalurus (Mabille, 1877) Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia
Astraptes naxos (Hewitson, 1867) Brazil, Colombia
Astraptes palliolum (Druce, 1908) Costa Rica
Astraptes phalaecus (Godman & Salvin, [1893]) Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica
Astraptes talus (Cramer, [1777]) Central America to Brazil, Suriname, Cuba
Astraptes tucuti (Williams, 1927) Mexico, Panama
Astraptes xagua (Lucas, 1857)
A. xagua xagua Cuba
A. xagua christyis (Sharpe, 1898) Dominican Republic[1]

References

"Astraptes". funet.fi.

Bell, E.L., 1956: Descriptions of some new species of neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum Novitates 1778: 1-13.
Brower, A.V.Z. 2006: Problems with DNA barcodes for species delimitation: ‘ten species’ of Astraptes fulgerator reassessed (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Systematics and biodiversity, 4(2): 127–132.
Brower, A.V.Z. 2010: Alleviating the taxonomic impediment of DNA barcoding and setting a bad precedent: names for ten species of ‘Astraptes fulgerator’ (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae) with DNA-based diagnoses. Systematics and biodiversity, 8(4): 485–491.
Hübner, 1819: Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 7: 103.pdf
Freeman, 1967: Three new species of Hesperiidae from Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists's Society 21: 115-119.
Freeman, H.A., 1969: Records, new species, and a new genus of Hesperiidae from Mexico (Supplement 2). The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 23 (suppl. 2): 1-64.
Steinhauser, S.R., 1989: Taxonomic notes and descriptions of new taxa in the neotropical Hesperiidae. Part I. Pyrginae. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 127: 1-70.