Hersiliidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Eresoidea

Familia: Hersiliidae
Genera: Bastanius – Deltshevia – Duninia – Hersilia – Hersiliola – Iviraiva – Murricia – Neotama – Ovtsharenkoia – Promurricia – Tama – Tamopsis – Tyrotama – Yabisi – Ypypuera – †Burmesiola – †Spinasilia
Name

Hersiliidae Thorell, 1870
References

Baehr, B.; Baehr, M. 1987: The Australian Hersiliidae (Arachnida: Araneae): taxonomy, phylogeny, zoogeography. Invertebrate taxonomy, 1(4): 351–437. DOI: 10.1071/IT9870351
Baehr, M.; Baehr, B. 1993: The Hersiliidae of the Oriental Region including New Guinea. Taxonomy, phylogeny, zoogeography (Arachnida, Araneae). Spixiana supplement, (19)
Maqsood, J.S.M. & T. Farida, 2010: Spiders of the genus Murricia Simon, 1882 (Araneae: Hersiliidae) from India. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 20 (2): 88–97. Full article: [1].
Marusik, Y.M.; Fet, V. 2009: A survey of East Palaearctic Hersiliola Thorell, 1870 (Araneae, Hersiliidae), with a description of three new genera. In: Stoev, P.; Dunlop, J.; Lazarov, S. (eds) A life caught in a spider's web. Papers in arachnology in honour of Christo Deltshev. ZooKeys, 16: 75–114. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.16.229
Wunderlich, J. 2015. On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 9: 21–408. Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Two tailed spiders
中文: 长疣蛛科

Hersiliidae is a tropical and subtropical family of spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869,[1] which are commonly known as tree trunk spiders. They have two prominent spinnerets that are almost as long as their abdomen, earning them another nickname, the "two-tailed spiders". They range in size from 10 to 18 mm (0.4 to 0.7 in) long. Rather than using a web that captures prey directly, they lay a light coating of threads over an area of tree bark and wait for an insect to stray onto the patch. When this happens, they encircle their spinnerets around their prey while casting silk on it. When the insect is immobilized, they can bite it through the shroud.
Diversity

Hersiliidae is an entelegyne family (characterized primarily by the nature of the female genital system), and together with the family Oecobiidae traditionally formed the superfamily Oecobioidea.[2] The family consists of about 206 species divided into sixteen genera.[3] It has a global distribution in tropical and subtropical regions, with only a few species being found north of the 40°N parallel. All members are ecribellate (lack the cribella or perforated plates which produce multiple, exceptionally fine strands of silk) and are recognizable by the pair of exceptionally long spinnerets set at the tip of the abdomen.[2] They have eight eyes, set in two curved rows. They are small to medium-sized spiders and are active day and night. They are very well camouflaged when stationary on the trunk of a tree and aligned with the bark markings.[4]
Genera
Main article: List of Hersiliidae species

As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[3]

Bastanius Mirshamsi, Zamani & Marusik, 2016 — Iran
Deltshevia Marusik & Fet, 2009 — Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
Duninia Marusik & Fet, 2009 — Turkmenistan, Iran
Hersilia Audouin, 1826 — Africa, Asia, Oceania
Hersiliola Thorell, 1870 — Asia, Africa, Spain
Iviraiva Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 — South America
Murricia Simon, 1882 — Asia, Africa
Neotama Baehr & Baehr, 1993 — South Africa, South America, North America, El Salvador, Asia
Ovtsharenkoia Marusik & Fet, 2009 — Central Asia
Prima Foord, 2008 — Madagascar
Promurricia Baehr & Baehr, 1993 — Sri Lanka
Tama Simon, 1882 — Spain, Portugal, Algeria
Tamopsis Baehr & Baehr, 1987 — Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Tyrotama Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2005 — Africa
Yabisi Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 — Dominican Republic, United States, Cuba
Ypypuera Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 — South America

Extinct genera

†Burmesiola Wunderlich 2011 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
†Fictotama Petrunkevitch 1963 Dominican amber, Miocene
†Gerdia Menge 1869 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Gerdiopsis Wunderlich 2004 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Gerdiorum Wunderlich 2004 Baltic amber, Eocene