Hersilia

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Eresoidea

Familia: Hersiliidae
Genus: Hersilia
Species: H. albicomis – H. albinota – H. albomaculata – H. aldabrensis – H. alluaudi – H. aoqin – H. arborea – H. asiatica – H. australiensis – H. baforti – H. baliensis – H. bifurcata – H. bubi – H. caronae – H. caudata – H. clarki – H. clypealis – H. deelemanae – H. eloetsensis – H. facialis – H. feai – H. flagellifera – H. furcata – H. hildebrandti – H. igiti – H. impressifrons – H. incompta – H. insulana – H. jajat – H. kerekot – H. kinabaluensis – H. lelabah – H. long – H. longbottomi – H. longivulva – H. madagascariensis – H. madang – H. mainae – H. martensi – H. mboszi – H. mimbi – H. mjoebergi – H. moheliensis – H. montana – H. mowomogbe – H. nentwigi – H. nepalensis – H. novaeguineae – H. occidentalis – H. okinawaensis – H. orvakalensis – H. pectinata – H. pungwensis – H. sagada – H. sagitta – H. savignyi – H. scrupulosa – H. selempoi – H. sericea – H. serrata – H. setifrons – H. sigillata – H. simplicipalpis – H. striata – H. sumatrana – H. sundaica – H. taita – H. taiwanensis – H. talebii – H. tamatavensis – H. tenuifurcata – H. thailandica – H. tibialis – H. turtuosa – H. vanmoli – H. vicina – H. vinsonii – H. wellswebberae – H. wraniki – H. xieae – H. yaeyamaensis – H. yunnanensis
Nomina dubia

Hersilia celebensis Thorell, 1877b: 472 (f, Indonesia: Sulawesi) -- Baehr & Baehr, 1993b: 77.
Hersilia fletcheri Sinha, 1951b: 125, f. 3a (f, Myanmar) -- Baehr & Baehr, 1993b: 77.
Hersilia fossulata Karsch, 1881h: 195 (f, Madagascar) -- Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006: 89.
Hersilia kalimpongensis Sinha, 1951b: 124 (m, India) -- Baehr & Baehr, 1993b: 77.
Hersilia kauderni Strand, 1908f: 457 (j, Madagascar) -- Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006: 85.
Hersilia moulmeinensis Sinha, 1951b: 124, f. 3b (f, Myanmar) -- Baehr & Baehr, 1993b: 77.
Hersilia peguana Thorell, 1895: 60 (f, Myanmar) -- Baehr & Baehr, 1993b: 78.
Hersilia pernix Kulczyński, 1911c: 433, pl. 19, f. 10 (f, New Guinea) -- Baehr & Baehr, 1993b: 78.
Hersilia siamensis Simon, 1886a: 156 (f, Thailand) -- Baehr & Baehr, 1993b: 78.
Hersilia stumpfi Strand, 1916b: 57 (j, Madagascar) -- Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006: 89.

Name

Hersilia Audouin, 1826

Type species: Hersilia caudata Jean Victor Audouin, 1826 by monotypy.
References
Primary references
Additional references

Dankittipakul & Singtripop 2011. The spider genus Hersilia in Thailand, with descriptions of two new species (Araneae, Hersiliidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 118: 207-221. Reference page.
Foord, S.H., 2005: A cladistic analysis of the family Hersiliidae (Arachnida: Aranea) of the Afrotropical Region. University of Pretoria etd Chapter one: 6–49. Full article: [1].
Foord, S.H., 2005: A revision of the Afrotropical species of Hersilia Audouin (Aranea: Hersiliidae). University of Pretoria etd Chapter two: 50–167. Full article: [2].
Foord, S.H.; Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. 2006: A revision of the Afrotropical species of Hersilia Audouin (Aranea: Hersiliidae). Zootaxa, 1347: 1–92. Abstract & excerpt
Lin, Y.J. & Li, S.Q. 2022. Taxonomic notes on seven species of the family Hersiliidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from China and the Philippines. Zoological Systematics 47(2): 132-145. DOI: 10.11865/zs.2022204. Paywall. Reference page.
Rheims, C.A., Brescovit, A.D. & van Harten, A. 2004. Hersiliidae (Araneae) from Yemen, with description of a new species of Hersilia Audouin, 1826 from Socotra Island. Fauna of Arabia 20: 335-347. Reference page.
Savigny 1826: Egypte, 1 (4) (Expl. pls. Arachn.), 114.
Zhong, R. & Chen, J. 2020. Redescription of hersiliids from Wuling Mountains, China and the first description of the male Hersilia xieae (Araneae: Hersiliidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica 29(1): 17-26. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9628.2020.01.006. Paywall. Reference page.

Hersilia, also known as long-spinnereted bark spiders and two-tailed spiders, is a genus of tree trunk spiders that was first described by Jean Victoire Audouin in 1826.[2] Their nicknames are a reference to their greatly enlarged spinnerets.

Males can grow up to 8 millimetres (0.31 in) long, and females can grow up to 10 millimetres (0.39 in). They are found in Africa, Asia, and Australasia, on tree trunks, in gardens, or in jungle fringes.[1]
Species

The revisions by Baehr & Baehr[3] and Rheims & Brescovit[4] revealed 26 species in southeast Asia.[5]

As of May 2019 it contains seventy-eight species:[1]

H. albicomis Simon, 1887 – Ghana, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria
H. albinota Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – China
H. albomaculata Wang & Yin, 1985 – China
H. aldabrensis Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Seychelles (Aldabra), Comoros
H. alluaudi Berland, 1920 – Congo, Tanzania
H. arborea Lawrence, 1928 – Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa
H. asiatica Song & Zheng, 1982 – China, Thailand, Laos, Taiwan
H. australiensis Baehr & Baehr, 1987 – Australia (Northern Territory)
H. baforti Benoit, 1967 – Congo, Uganda
H. baliensis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Laos, Bali
H. bifurcata Baehr & Baehr, 1998 – Australia (Northern Territory)
H. bubi Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Equatorial Guinea, Uganda
H. carobi Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Ivory Coast
H. caudata Audouin, 1826 (type) – Cape Verde Is., West Africa to China
H. clarki Benoit, 1967 – Zimbabwe
H. clypealis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Thailand
H. deelemanae Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
H. eloetsensis Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Madagascar
H. facialis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
H. feai Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Myanmar
H. flagellifera Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Laos, Indonesia (Sumatra)
H. furcata Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Congo
H. hildebrandti Karsch, 1878 – Tanzania
H. igiti Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Rwanda
H. impressifrons Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Borneo
H. incompta Benoit, 1971 – Ivory Coast
H. insulana Strand, 1907 – Madagascar
H. jajat Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Borneo
H. kerekot Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Borneo
H. kinabaluensis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Borneo
H. lelabah Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Borneo
H. longbottomi Baehr & Baehr, 1998 – Australia (Western Australia)
H. longivulva Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2010 – India
H. madagascariensis (Wunderlich, 2004) – Madagascar, Comoros
H. madang Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – New Guinea
H. mainae Baehr & Baehr, 1995 – Australia (Western Australia)
H. martensi Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Nepal, Thailand
H. mboszi Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Cameroon, Ivory Coast
H. mimbi Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Australia (Western Australia)
H. mjoebergi Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
H. moheliensis Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Comoros
H. montana Chen, 2007 – Taiwan
H. mowomogbe Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Cameroon, Congo
H. nentwigi Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Krakatau)
H. nepalensis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Nepal
H. novaeguineae Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – New Guinea
H. occidentalis Simon, 1907 – West, Central, East Africa
H. okinawaensis Tanikawa, 1999 – Japan
H. orvakalensis Javed, Foord & Tampal, 2010 – India
H. pectinata Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar, Indonesia (Borneo), Philippines
H. pungwensis Tucker, 1920 – Zimbabwe
H. sagitta Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, South Africa
H. savignyi Lucas, 1836 – Sri Lanka, India to Philippines
H. scrupulosa Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Kenya
H. selempoi Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Kenya
H. sericea Pocock, 1898 – East, Southern Africa
H. serrata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2011 – Thailand
H. setifrons Lawrence, 1928 – Angola, Namibia, South Africa
H. sigillata Benoit, 1967 – Gabon, Ivory Coast, Congo, Uganda
H. simplicipalpis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Thailand
H. striata Wang & Yin, 1985 – India, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra)
H. sumatrana (Thorell, 1890) – India, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo)
H. sundaica Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Thailand, Indonesia (Lombok, Sumbawa)
H. taita Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Kenya
H. taiwanensis Chen, 2007 – Taiwan
H. talebii Mirshamsi, Zamani & Marusik, 2016 – Iran
H. tamatavensis Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Madagascar
H. tenuifurcata Baehr & Baehr, 1998 – Australia (Western Australia)
H. thailandica Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2011 – Thailand
H. tibialis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – India, Sri Lanka
H. vanmoli Benoit, 1971 – Ivory Coast, Togo
H. vicina Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Thailand
H. vinsoni Lucas, 1869 – Madagascar
H. wellswebberae Baehr & Baehr, 1998 – Australia (Northern Territory)
H. wraniki Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2004 – Yemen (mainland, Socotra)
H. xieae Yin, 2012 – China
H. yaeyamaensis Tanikawa, 1999 – Japan
H. yunnanensis Wang, Song & Qiu, 1993 – China

References

"Gen. Hersilia Audouin, 1826". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
Audouin, V. (1826), "Explication sommaire des planches d'arachnides de l'Égypte et de la Syrie", Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée franҫaise, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté l'Empereur Napoléon le Grand, vol. 1, Histoire Naturelle
Baehr, M.; Baehr, B. (1993). "The Hersiliidae of the Oriental Region including New Guinea. Taxonomy, phylogeny, zoogeography (Arachnida, Araneae)". Spixiana Supplement. 19: 1–96.
Rheims, C.A.; Brescovit, Antonio D. (2004). "Description of four new species of Hersiliidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia". Journal of Natural History. 38 (22): 2851–2861. doi:10.1080/00222930310001657694. S2CID 85017478.
Baehr, Barbara. "Long-Spinnered Bark Spiders". Australian Arachnological Society. Retrieved 2008-12-07.