Pachystoma

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Collabieae
Genus: Pachystoma
Overview of species (2)

P. nutans – P. pubescens
Name

Pachystoma Blume, Bijdr.: 376 (1825)

Type species: Pachystoma pubescens Blume, Bijdr.: 376, t. 3, f. 29 (1825)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Pachychilus Blume, Fl. Javae, Praef.: vii (1828)
Apaturia Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 130 (1831)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
China
China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan.
Eastern Asia
Taiwan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, West Himalaya.
Indo-China
Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
Papuasia
New Guinea.
Australasia
Australia
Northern Territory, Queensland.
Pacific 
Southwestern Pacific
New Caledonia.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Blume, C.L. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 8: 376.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2006. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one); page 146 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850712-7. Reference page. 

Links

'eFloras 2009. Pachystoma in Flora of China vol. 25 Orchidaceae --> pdf Pachystoma
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2021. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Pachystoma. Accessed: 2021 Nov 12.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Pachystoma in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Nov 12. Reference page. 
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Pachystoma in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Nov 12. Reference page. 
Hassler, M. 2021. Pachystoma. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Nov 12. Reference page. 
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Pachystoma. Published online. Accessed: 12 Nov 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Pachystoma. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 12 Nov 2021.

Vernacular names

English: Kunai orchids
перем коми: Пахистома
кырык мары: Пахистома
удмурт: Пахистома
中文: 粉口兰属
中文（简体）: 粉口兰属

Pachystoma, commonly known as kunai orchids[2] or 粉口兰属 (fen kou lan shu),[3] is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. They are deciduous, terrestrial herbs with one or two linear, pleated or veiny leaves and more or less drooping flowers which do not open widely, on a thin, wiry flowering stem. Species in this genus are found in tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia and islands of the southwest Pacific Ocean.

Description

Orchids in the genus Pachystoma are deciduous, terrestrial herbs with a branching underground rhizome and one or two linear, papery, pleated or veiny leaves. A thin, wiry flowering stem bears smallish, pink drooping flowers that are hairy on the outside. The sepals and petals are similar in size and shape, the lateral sepals having a hump at their base. The labellum has three lobes, the middle lobe projecting forwards and the side lobes unusually large.[2][3][4]
Taxonomy and naming

The genus Pachystoma was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and the description was published in Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie.[5][6] The name Pachystoma is derived from the Ancient Greek words pachys meaning "thick"[7]: 853  and stoma meaning "mouth",[7]: 754  apparently referring to a thickened callus on the labellum.[4]
Species

As of November 2022, Plants of the World Online lists the following two species of Pachystoma:[1]

Pachystoma nutans S.C.Chen & Y.B.Luo - Myanmar[8]
Pachystoma pubescens Blume - between tropical and subtropical Asia to the southwest Pacific[9]

In 1879, Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach described Pachystoma thomsonianum in The Gardeners' Chronicle,[10] now known as Ancistrochilus thomsonianus (Rchb.f.) Rolfe.[11] The specific epithet (thomsonianus) honours the Victorian botanist George Thomson.[12]
References

"Pachystoma". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 360–361. ISBN 1877069124.
Chen, Xinqi; Wood, Jeffrey J. "Pachystoma". Flora of China. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Pachystoma". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
"Pachystoma". APNI. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
Blume, Carl Ludwig (1825). Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indi. Batavia. p. 376. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
"Pachystoma nutans". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
"Pachystoma pubescens". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Reichenbach, Heinrich G. (1879). "New Garden Plants". The Gardeners Chronicle. 12: 582. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
"Ancistrochilus thomsonianus". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
Veitch, James Herbert (1906). A History of the Rise and Progress of the Nurseries of Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Together with an Account of the Botanical Collectors and Hybridists Employed by Them and a List of The Most Remarkable of Their Introductions. London: J. Veitch & sons. p. 147. Retrieved 15 November 2022.