Lilium lancifolium

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Liliales

Familia: Liliaceae
Subfamilia: Lilioideae
Genus: Lilium
Sectio: L. sect. Sinomartagon
Species: Lilium lancifolium
Name

Lilium lancifolium Thunb., 1794
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Lilium tigrinum Ker Gawl., Bot. Mag. 31: t. 1237 (1809).
Lilium lancifolium var. densum W.Bull, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 4: 176 (1864).
Lilium tigrinum var. fortunei Standish, Gard. Chron. 1866: 972 (1866).
Lilium tigrinum var. splendens Van Houtte, Fl. Serres 19: t. 1931 (1870).
Lilium lishmannii T.Moore, Florist Fruitist Gard. Misc. 1872: 260 (1872).
Lilium leopoldii Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 233 (1874).
Lilium tigrinum var. erectum G.F.Wilson, Gard. Chron., n.s., 2: 83 (1874).
Lilium lancifolium album Hovey, Nursery Cat. (Hovey & co.) 1882: 38 (1882), nom. illeg.
Lilium lancifolium melpomene Hovey, Nursery Cat. (Hovey & co.) 1882: 38 (1882).
Lilium tigrinum var. plenescens Waugh, Bot. Gaz. 27: 254 (1899).
Lilium lancifolium var. flaviflorum Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 8: 43 (1932).
Lilium lancifolium var. fortunei (Standish) V.A.Matthews, New Plantsman 7: 126 (1985).
Lilium lancifolium var. splendens (Van Houtte) V.A.Matthews, New Plantsman 7: 126 (1985).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: China
China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Tibet
Regional: Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea, Kuril Is., Manchuria, Primorye, Qinghai, Sakhalin
Introduced into:
Alabama, Amur, Austria, Bulgaria, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, East European Russia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., South European Russi, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Thunberg, C.P., 1794. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. London 2:333.

Additional references

Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. 2014. Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF). 563 p. Seoul: T.B. Lee Herbarium. PDF Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Lilium lancifolium in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 July 31. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Lilium lancifolium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 July 31. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Lilium lancifolium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 31 July 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Lilium lancifolium. Published online. Accessed: July 31 2022.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: tierlelie
Deutsch: Tigerlilie
English: Tiger lily
suomi: Tiikerililja
日本語: オニユリ
한국어: 참나리
Nederlands: tijgerlelie
中文: 卷丹, 虎皮百合

Lilium lancifolium (syn. L. tigrinum) is an Asian species of lily, native to China, Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East.[1] It is widely planted as an ornamental because of its showy orange-and-black flowers, and sporadically occurs as a garden escapee in North America, particularly the eastern United States including New England,[2] and has made incursions into some southern states such as Georgia.[3]

It has the English name tiger lily, but that name has been applied to other species as well.

Description
Lilium lancifolium bulbils showing rooting in late summer.

Like other true lilies, the flowers are borne on upright stems that are 80–200 centimetres (31–79 inches) tall and bear lanceolate leaves 6–10 cm (2+1⁄2–4 in) long and 1–2 cm (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) broad. L. lancifolium produces aerial bulblets, known as bulbils, in the leaf axils.[4] These bulbils are uncommon in Lilium species and they produce new plants that are clones of the original plant.[2]

The flowers are odorless.[4] Each lasts a few days and if pollinated produce capsules with many thin seeds.[2]
Taxonomy
Varieties
Lilium lancifolium 'Flore Pleno' (double tiger lily)

The names of names considered as varieties at some time are:

Lilium lancifolium var. densum W.Bull
Lilium tigrinum var. fortunei Standish
Lilium tigrinum var. splendens Van Houtte
Lilium tigrinum var. flore-pleno auct.
Lilium tigrinum var. erectum G.F.Wilson
Lilium tigrinum var. plenescens Waugh
Lilium lancifolium var. flaviflorum Makino
Lilium lancifolium var. fortunei (Standish) V.A.Matthews
Lilium lancifolium var. splendens (Van Houtte) V.A.Matthews

The Lilium tigrinum flore pleno, the double-flowered variety, had been exported out of Japan by William Bull since 1869.[5]
Names
Scientific names

Botanists for many years considered L. tigrinum (after Ker Gawler[6]) the correct scientific name until it was determined that older name L. lancifolium (after Thunberg[7]) refers to the same species, and the latter became the accepted name.[2][a]
Vernacular names

Its common name is tiger lily. Although this name is ambiguous across several species, it is correctly applied to this species alone.[2]
Cat toxicity

A case study of the successful treatment of a cat that ingested this particular species was published 2007.[8]
Uses

It is cultivated and wild foraged in Asia for its edible bulbs.[9] The cultivar 'Splendens' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10] In Taiwan, both the flower and bulbs are used as food, as are the other related species: L. brownii var. viridulum, L. pumilum and L. candidum.[11]
Notes

Under the rules of international botanical nomenclature, the older name takes precedence.

References

"Lilium lancifolium Thunb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
"1. Lilium lancifolium Thunberg, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: 333. 1794.", Flora of North America, 26, p. 178. Tiger lily, lis tigré.
Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
Ohwi, Jisaburo (1965), Meyer, Frederick G.; Walker, Egbert H. (eds.), Flora of Japan, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, p. 297, archived from the original on 2010-04-23 Alt URL
Moore, Thomas; Paul, William, eds. (1873), "A Beautiful Flower and Farm and Garden", The Florist and Pomologist: 15–16
Ker Gawler, J. G.; Bellenden, John (1809) "Lilium tigrinum, Tiger-spotted Chinese lily". Botanical Magazine 31: plate 1237ff.
Thunberg, Carl Peter (1794), Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2: 333 (in Latin)
Berg, Rebecca IM, Thierry Francey, and Gilad Segev (2007) "Resolution of acute kidney injury in a cat after lily (Lilium lancifolium) intoxication[dead link]". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 21(4), pp. 857–859.
Dai Nihon Nōkai (1895). Useful Plants of Japan Described and Illustrated. Agricultural Society of Japan. p. 27.
"RHS Plant Selector - Lilium lancifolium 'Splendens'". Retrieved 26 June 2013.

"可供食品使用原料彙整一覽表". Archived from the original on 2014-01-26. Retrieved 2014-01-25.

Bibliography

Shimizu, Moto'o (1947). "Oni-Yuri (Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)". Lily Yearbook. North American Lily Society (7): 55–.