Citharexylum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Verbenaceae
Tribus: Citharexyleae
Genus: Citharexylum
Species: (103)
C. affine – C. alainii – C. albicaule – C. altamiranum – C. andinum – C. argutedentatum – C. berlandieri – C. bourgeauanum – C. brachyanthum – C. bullatum – C. calvum – C. caudatum – C. chartaceum – C. cooperi – C. costaricense – C. crassifolium – C. danirae – C. decorum – C. dentatum – C. discolor – C. donnell-smithii – C. dryanderae – C. ekmanii – C. ellipticum – C. endlichii – C. flabellifolium – C. flexuosum – C. fulgidum – C. gentryi – C. glabrum – C. glaziovii – C. grandiflorum – C. guatemalense – C. herrerae – C. hexangulare – C. hidalgense – C. hintonii – C. hirtellum – C. ilicifolium – C. iltisii – C. joergensenii – C. karstenii – C. kerberi – C. kobuskianum – C. krukovii – C. kunthianum – C. laetum – C. laurifolium – C. lemsii – C. ligustrifolium – C. lojense – C. lucidum – C. lycioides – C. macradenium – C. macrochlamys – C. macrophyllum – C. matheanum – C. matudae – C. mexicanum – C. microphyllum – C. mirifolium – C. mocinoi – C. montanum – C. montevidense – C. myrianthum – C. obtusifolium – C. oleinum – C. ovatifolium – C. pachyphyllum – C. pernambucense – C. poeppigii – C. punctatum – C. quercifolium – C. quitense – C. racemosum – C. reticulatum – C. rigidum – C. rimbachii – C. rosei – C. roxanae – C. scabrum – C. schottii – C. schulzii – C. sessaei – C. shrevei – C. solanaceum – C. spinosum – C. stenophyllum – C. steyermarkii – C. suberosum – C. subflavescens – C. subthyrsoideum – C. subtruncatum – C. sulcatum – C. svensonii – C. teclense – C. ternatum – C. tetramerum – C. tristachyum – C. ulei – C. vallense – C. venezuelense – C. weberbaueri

Nothospecies: (2)
C. × jamaicense – C. × leonis
Name

Citharexylum Mill. ex L. (1753)

Type species: C. spinosum L.

References

International Plant Names Index. 2014. Citharexylum. Published online. Accessed: 18 June 2014.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2014. Citharexylum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 June 18. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2014. Citharexylum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 June 18.

Citharexylum is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae.[3] It contains shrub and tree species[4] commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods.[5] They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the United States to Argentina.[2] The highest diversity occurs in Mexico and the Andes.[6] The generic name is derived from the Greek words κιθάρα (kithara), meaning "lyre", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood," referring to the use of the wood in the sounding boards of string instruments.[7][8] Several species, especially C. caudatum and C. spinosum, are cultivated as ornamentals.[4]

Species[2]

Citharexylum affine D.Don - from northern Mexico to Nicaragua
Citharexylum alainii Moldenke - Dominican Republic
Citharexylum albicaule Turcz. - Cuba
Citharexylum altamiranum Greenm. - northeastern Mexico
Citharexylum andinum Moldenke - Bolivia, Jujuy Province of Argentina
Citharexylum argutedentatum Moldenke - Peru
Citharexylum berlandieri B.L. Rob. - from Texas to Oaxaca - Berlandier's fiddlewood, Tamaulipan fiddlewood
Citharexylum bourgeauanum Greenm. - Veracruz, Oaxaca
Citharexylum brachyanthum (A.Gray ex Hemsl.) A.Gray - Texas, Coahuila, Nuevo León - Boxthorn fiddlewood, Mexican fiddlewood
Citharexylum bullatum Moldenke - Colombia
Citharexylum calvum Moldenke - Quintana Roo
Citharexylum caudatum L. - southern Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Colombia, Peru - Juniper berry
Citharexylum chartaceum Moldenke - Peru, Ecuador
Citharexylum cooperi Standl. - Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala
Citharexylum costaricense Moldenke - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras
Citharexylum crassifolium Greenm - Chiapas, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras
Citharexylum danirae León de la Luz & F.Chiang - Revillagigedo Islands of Baja California
Citharexylum decorum Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela
Citharexylum dentatum D.Don - Peru
Citharexylum discolor Turcz. - Cuba, Hispaniola
Citharexylum donnell-smithii Greenm. - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Central America
Citharexylum dryanderae Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador
Citharexylum ekmanii Moldenke - Cuba
Citharexylum ellipticum Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - Veracruz, Campeche, Tabasco; naturalized in Cuba + Cayman Islands
Citharexylum endlichii Moldenke - northeastern Mexico
Citharexylum flabellifolium S.Watson - Sonora, Baja California
Citharexylum flexuosum (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don - Bolivia, Peru
Citharexylum fulgidum Moldenke - Veracruz, northeastern Mexico
Citharexylum gentryi Moldenke - Ecuador
Citharexylum glabrum (S.Watson) Greenm - Oaxaca
Citharexylum glaziovii Moldenke - eastern Brazil
Citharexylum grandiflorum Aymard & Rueda - Ecuador
Citharexylum guatemalense (Moldenke) D.N.Gibson - Guatemala, Nicaragua
Citharexylum herrerae Mansf. - Peru
Citharexylum hexangulare Greenm. - from northern Mexico to Costa Rica
Citharexylum hidalgense Moldenke - Mexico
Citharexylum hintonii Moldenke - México State
Citharexylum hirtellum Standl. - from Veracruz to Panama
Citharexylum ilicifolium Kunth - Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador
Citharexylum iltisii Moldenke - Peru
Citharexylum × jamaicense Moldenke - Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico (C. caudatum × C. spinosum)
Citharexylum joergensenii (Lillo) Moldenke - Argentina, Bolivia
Citharexylum karstenii Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela
Citharexylum kerberi Greenm. - Veracruz
Citharexylum kobuskianum Moldenke - Peru
Citharexylum krukovii Moldenke - eastern Brazil
Citharexylum kunthianum Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador
Citharexylum laetum Hiern - southern Brazil
Citharexylum laurifolium Hayek - Bolivia, Peru
Citharexylum lemsii Moldenke - Guanacaste Province in Costa Rica
Citharexylum × leonis Moldenke - Cuba (C. caudatum × C. tristachyum)
Citharexylum ligustrifolium (Thur. ex Decne.) Van Houtte - Mexico
Citharexylum lojense Moldenke - Ecuador
Citharexylum lucidum Cham. & Schltdl. - Mexico
Citharexylum lycioides D.Don - Mexico
Citharexylum macradenium Greenm. - Panama, Costa Rica
Citharexylum macrochlamys Pittier - Panama, Colombia
Citharexylum macrophyllum Poir. - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guianas, northwestern Brazil
Citharexylum matheanum Borhidi & Kereszty - Cuba
Citharexylum matudae Moldenke - Chiapas
Citharexylum mexicanum Moldenke - Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca
Citharexylum microphyllum (DC.) O.E.Schulz - Hisipaniola
Citharexylum mirifolium Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela
Citharexylum mocinoi D.Don - Mexico, Central America
Citharexylum montanum Moldenke - Colombia, Ecuador
Citharexylum montevidense (Spreng.) Moldenke - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
Citharexylum obtusifolium Kuhlm - Espírito Santo
Citharexylum oleinum (Benth. ex Lindl.) Moldenke - Mexico
Citharexylum ovatifolium Greenm. - Mexico
Citharexylum pachyphyllum Moldenke - Peru
Citharexylum pernambucense Moldenke - eastern Brazil
Citharexylum poeppigii Walp. - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil
Citharexylum punctatum Greenm. - Bolivia, Peru
Citharexylum quercifolium Hayek - Peru
Citharexylum quitense Spreng. - Ecuador
Citharexylum racemosum Sessé & Moc. - Mexico
Citharexylum reticulatum Kunth - Ecuador, Peru
Citharexylum rigidum (Briq.) Moldenke - Paraguay, southern Brazil
Citharexylum rimbachii Moldenke - Ecuador
Citharexylum rosei Greenm. - Mexico
Citharexylum roxanae Moldenke - Baja California
Citharexylum scabrum Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - northern Mexico
Citharexylum schottii Greenm. - southern Mexico, Central America
Citharexylum schulzii Urb. & Ekman - Hispaniola
Citharexylum sessaei D.Don - Mexico
Citharexylum shrevei Moldenke - Sonora
Citharexylum solanaceum Cham. - southern Brazil
Citharexylum spinosum L. – Spiny fiddlewood - West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, the Guianas; naturalized in India, Mozambique, Fiji, Bermuda
Citharexylum stenophyllum Urb. & Ekman - Haiti
Citharexylum steyermarkii Moldenke - Veracruz, Chiapas, Guatemala
Citharexylum suberosum Loes. ex Moldenke - Cuba
Citharexylum subflavescens S.F.Blake - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
Citharexylum subthyrsoideum Pittier - Colombia, Venezuela
Citharexylum subtruncatum Moldenke - northwestern Brazil
Citharexylum sulcatum Moldenke - Colombia
Citharexylum svensonii Moldenke - Ecuador
Citharexylum teclense Standl. - El Salvador
Citharexylum ternatum Moldenke - Cuba
Citharexylum tetramerum Brandegee - Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán in Mexico
Citharexylum tristachyum Turcz. – Threespike Fiddlewood[9][10] - Cuba, Jamaica, Leeward Islands
Citharexylum ulei Moldenke - Colombia, Peru, northwestern Brazil
Citharexylum vallense Moldenke - Colombia
Citharexylum venezuelense Moldenke - Venezuela
Citharexylum weberbaueri Hayek - Peru

Formerly placed here

Rhaphithamnus spinosus (Juss.) Moldenke (as. C. cyanocarpum Hook. & Arn.)[9]
Citharexylum elegans Phil. ex Miers, a synonym for Rhaphithamnus venustus

References

"Citharexylum L." TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
"Genus: Citharexylum L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2005-01-29. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
Whistler, W. Arthur (2000). Tropical Ornamentals: a Guide. Timber Press. pp. 128–130. ISBN 978-0-88192-475-6.
Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C. CRC Press. p. 544. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
Aymard, Gerardo A.; Ricardo M. Rueda (Summer 1997). "A New Species of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae) from Ecuador". Novon. 7 (2): 95–97. doi:10.2307/3392177. JSTOR 3392177.
Burke, Don (2005). The Complete Burke's Backyard: the Ultimate Book of Fact Sheets. Murdoch Books. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-74045-739-2.
Austin, Daniel F. (2004). Florida Ethnobotany. CRC Press. pp. 217–219. ISBN 978-0-8493-2332-4.
"GRIN Species Records of Citharexylum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
"Citharexylum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 25 January 2010.