Pyrola

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Malvales

Familia: Cistaceae
Genus: Cistus
Subgenus: C. subg. Leucocistus
Sectio: C. sect. Ledonia
Species: Cistus monspeliensis
Name

Cistus monspeliensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 524 (1753).

Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Narbonensi & Regno Valentino”
Lectotypus: Herb. Burser, XXIV: 79 (UPS), designated by Ferrer-Gallego et al., Taxon 62: 1047 (2013).

Synonyms

Homotypic
Cistus monspeliensis f. typicus Dans., Boissiera 4: 66 (1939), nom. inval.
Stephanocarpus monspeliensis (L.) Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 6: 369 (1836).
Heterotypic
Cistus affinis Bertol. ex Guss., Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 2: 12 (1828).
Cistus monspeliensis f. affinis (Bertol. ex Guss.) Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 2: 264 (1895).
Cistus monspeliensis subsp. affinis (Bertol. ex Guss.) Sennen, Monde Pl. 32(192): 38 (1931).
Cistus monspeliensis var. affinis (Bertol. ex Guss.) P.Fourn., Quatre Fl. France: 438 (1936).
Cistus collinus Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 368 (1796). nom. illeg.
Cistus monspeliensis a vulgaris Willk., Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 2: 30, tab. 86 fig. 1 (1858).
Cistus monspeliensis ß minor Willk., Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 2: 30, tab. 86 fig. 2 (1858).
Cistus monspeliensis f. albiflorus Briq., Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(2): 174 (1935).
Cistus monspeliensis var. flavescens Briq., Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(2): 175 (1936).
Cistus monspeliensis f. flavescens (Briq.) Dans., Boissiera 4: 67 (1939).
Cistus monspeliensis var. densifolius Sennen, Monde Pl. 32(192): 38 (1931).
Cistus monspeliensis var. major Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 2: 263 (1895).
Cistus monspeliensis var. parviflorus Sennen, Mem. Primer Congr. Naturalistas Esp. 280 (1909), nom. nud.
Cistus feredjensis Batt., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 30: 263 (1883).
Cistus monspeliensis var. feredjensis (Batt.) Batt. in Battandier & Trabut, Fl. Algerie Dicot.: 90 (1888).
Cistus oleifolius Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 10 (1768).
Cistus valentinus Pourr. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 71 (1878).
Cistus monspeliensis subsp. canariensis Rivas Mart., Martín Osorio & Wildpret, Itinera Geobot. 18: 482 (2011).
Cistus olbiensis A.Huet & Hanry, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 7: 346 (1860).
Cistus porquerollensis Hanry & A.Huet, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 7: 345 (1860)

Hybrids

C. × akamantis – C. × conradiae – C. × florentinus – C. × heterocalyx – C. × hetieri – C. × lecomtei – C. × ledon – C. × mesoensis – C. × neyrautii – C. × nigricans – C. × platysepalus – C. × reghaiensis – C. × skanbergii – C. × stenophyllus
Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
Regional: Southwestern Europe
Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Albania, Greece,itzerland.html">Switzerland, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia (Sicily, Malta), Yugoslavia.
Continental: Africa
Regional: North Africa
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia.
Regional: Macaronesia
Canary Islands (Gran Canaria, Gomera, Hierro, La Palma, Tenerife), Madeira (Madeira, Porto Santo).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: Western Asia
Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Turkey.
Continental: Australasia
Regional: Australia
Victoria (naturalized).
Continental: Northern America
Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
California (naturalized).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 524. Reference page.

Additional references

Demoly, J.-P. & Montserrat, P. 1993. Cistus. In: Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.). Flora Ibérica, Plantas Vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, Vol. III. Plumbaginaceae (partim) – Capparaceae. Real Jardín Botánico, C.S.I.C., Madrid, ISBN 84-00-07375-4, pp. 319–337 (!325) (PDF). Reference page.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, Th., Iatroú, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. & Tzanoudakis, D. 2013. Vascular Plants of Greece: An Annotated Checklist. Englera 31: 1–368 (!85). JSTOR PDF Reference page.
Ferrer Gallego, P.P., Laguna Lumbreras, E. & Crespo, M.B. 2013. Typification of six Linnaean names in Cistus L. (Cistaceae). Taxon 62(5): 1046–1049. DOI: 10.12705/625.6. Reference page.
Hansen, A. & Sunding, P., 1993. Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4th revised edition. Sommerfeltia 17: 1–295. PDF Reference page. (!88–89).

Links

Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) Cistus monspeliensis Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian National Botanic Gardens & Australian National Herbarium. Accessed: 2015 Jun 21.
USDA NRCS PLANTS Profile
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Cistus monspeliensis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Nov 8. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2021. Cistus monspeliensis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 8 Nov 2021.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Cistus monspeliensis. Published online. Accessed: 8 Nov 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Cistus monspeliensis. Accessed: 8 Nov 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. Cistus monspeliensis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Nov 8. Reference page.

Vernacular names
català: Estepa negra
Deutsch: Montpellier-Zistrose

Ελληνικά, Κυπριακά: Κίστος ο μομπελιανός, Ξισταρκά

English: Montpelier Cistus
español: Jaguarzo
suomi: Kaitakistus
italiano: Cisto marino
português: Sargação
sardu: Murdegu biancu

Cistus monspeliensis is a species of rockrose known by the common name Montpellier cistus. It is native to southern Europe and northern Africa, in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecosystems of matorral—maquis shrublands.

Description
Evergreen leaves of Cistus monspeliensis

Cistus monspeliensis is a shrub with narrow evergreen leaves and a hairy, glandular, sticky surface. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped, green, with a rugose, wrinkled upper surface, up to 5 centimeters long. In cultivation, C. monspeliensis attains a height of around one meter and a width of 1.5 metres.[2]

The plant's inflorescence is generally a panicle of 2 to 8 flowers, each with five sepals and five white petals.[3]
Distribution

It is mainly distributed throughout the western Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, including Madeira; Spain, including the Canary Islands and Balearic Islands; Morocco; southern France, including Corsica; Italy, including Sardinia and Sicily; Malta; Algeria; Tunisia) but it is also present in Croatia; Serbia; Albania; Montenegro; Greece and Cyprus.[1]

The plant has been reported elsewhere as an introduced species, and in California as an invasive species.[3]
Phylogeny

Cistus monspeliensis belongs to the white and whitish pink flowered clade of Cistus species.
Species-level cladogram of Cistus species.
 

alimium spp.             PPC           Cistus crispus                     Cistus asper         Cistus chinamadensis         Cistus horrens         Cistus ocreatus         Cistus osbeckiifolius         Cistus palmensis         Cistus symphytifolius                 Cistus heterophyllus               Cistus albidus         Cistus creticus                   Halimium spp.         WWPC                 Cistus clusii         Cistus munbyi                 Cistus inflatus         Cistus ladanifer         Cistus laurifolius         Cistus libanotis         Cistus monspeliensis         Cistus parviflorus         Cistus populifolius         Cistus pouzolzii         Cistus salviifolius         Cistus sintenisii             Purple   Pink   Clade   White   Whitish Pink   Clade

Species-level cladogram of Cistus species, based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences.[4][5][6][7]
References

Rankou, H.; M'Sou, S.; Ait Babahmad, R.A.; Diarra, A. (2020). "Cistus monspeliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T73094084A139593829. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T73094084A139593829.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Cistus monspeliensis (Montpelier rockrose)". Shoot gardening. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3215,3216,3219 Jepson
Guzmán, B. & Vargas, P. (2005). "Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Cistus L. (Cistaceae) based on ITS, trnL-trnF, and matK sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 644–660. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.026. PMID 16055353.
Guzmán, B. & Vargas, P. (2009). "Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 9 (2): 83–99. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2009.01.001.
Guzman, B.; Lledo, M.D. & Vargas, P. (2009). "Adaptive Radiation in Mediterranean Cistus (Cistaceae)". PLOS ONE. 4 (7): e6362. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6362G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006362. PMC 2719431. PMID 19668338.
Civeyrel, Laure; Leclercq, Julie; Demoly, Jean-Pierre; Agnan, Yannick; Quèbre, Nicolas; Pélissier, Céline & Otto, Thierry (2011). "Molecular systematics, character evolution, and pollen morphology of Cistus and Halimium (Cistaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 295 (1–4): 23–54. doi:10.1007/s00606-011-0458-7. S2CID 21995828.