Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales
Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Cichorioideae
Tribus: Cichorieae
Subtribus: Chondrillinae – Cichoriinae – Crepidinae – Hieraciinae – Hyoseridinae – Hypochaeridinae – Lactucinae – Microseridinae – Scolyminae – Scorzonerinae – Warioniinae
Genera: Acanthocephalus – Aetheorhiza – Agoseris – Andryala – Anisocoma – Aposeris – Arnoseris – Askellia – Atrichoseris – Avellara – Calycoseris – Catananche – Chaetadelpha – Chaetoseris – Chondrilla – Cichorium – Crepidiastrum – Crepidifolium – Crepis – Dendroseris – Dubyaea – Epilasia – Erythroseris – Faberia – Garhadiolus – Geropogon – Glyptopleura – Gundelia – Hedypnois – Helminthotheca – Heteracia – Heteroderis – Hieracium – Hispidella – Hololeion – Hymenonema – Hyoseris – Hypochaeris – Ixeridium – Ixeris – Koelpinia – Krigia – Lactuca – Lagoseriopsis – Lapsana – Lapsanastrum – Lasiospora – Launaea – Leontodon – Lygodesmia – Malacothrix – Marshalljohnstonia – Melanoseris – Microseris – Munzothamnus – Nabalus – Nothocalais – Notoseris – Paraprenanthes – Phalacroseris – Phitosia – Picris – Picrosia – Pilosella – Pinaropappus – Pleiacanthus – Podospermum – Prenanthella – Prenanthes – Pterachaenia – Pyrrhopappus – Rafinesquia – Reichardia – Rhagadiolus – Rothmaleria – Schlagintweitia – Scolymus – Scorzonera – Scorzoneroides – Shinnersoseris – Sinoseris – Sonchella – Sonchus – Soroseris – Spiroseris – Stenoseris – Stephanomeria – Syncalathium – Takhtajaniantha – Taraxacum – Thamnoseris – Tibetoseris – Tolpis – Tourneuxia – Tragopogon – Uropappus – Urospermum – Warionia – Willemetia – Youngia
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Name
Cichorieae Lam. & DC., Syn. Pl. Fl. Gall. 255. (1806)
Type genus: Cichorium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 813. (1753)
Synonyms
Heterotypic
Lactuceae Cass. in J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 151. (1819)
Type genus: Lactuca L., Sp. Pl. 2: 795. (1753)
Catanancheae D. Don (1829)
Crepideae Lindl. (1829)
Hieracieae D. Don (1829)
Hypochaerideae D. Don (1829)
Scorzonereae D. Don (1829)
Taraxaceae D. Don (1829)
Gundelieae Lecoq & Juillet (1831)
Hyoserideae Kostel. (1833)
Scolymeae Kostel. (1833)
Leontodonteae (Sch.Bip.) W.D.J. Koch (1834)
Picrideae Sch.Bip. (1834)
Tragopogoneae Sch.Bip. (1834)
Urospermeae Sch.Bip. (1834)
Chondrilleae W.D.J. Koch (1837)
References
Lamarck, J.-B. & De Candolle, A.P. 1806. Synopsis Plantarum in Flora Gallica Descriptarum. Paris 255.
Kilian N., Hand R. & Raab-Straube E.v. (general editors) 2021. Cichorieae. Cichorieae Systematics Portal. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jan. 9. Reference page.
Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Steussy, T.F. & Bayer, R.J. Eds. 2009. Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. International Association for Plant Taxonomy, University of Vienna. ISBN 978-3-9501754-3-1. Chapter 24 and Appendix 24.1. Subtribal classification of Cichorieae
Greuter, W. 2003. The Euro+Med treatment of Cardueae (Compositae) – generic concepts and required new names. Willdenowia 33(1): 49–61. DOI: 10.3372/wi.33.33104 Open access JSTOR Reference page.
Lee, J., Baldwin, B.G. & Gottlieb, L.D. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships among the primarily North American genera of Cichorieae (Compositae) based on analysis of 18S-26S nuclear rDNA ITS and ETS sequences. Systematic Botany 28(3): 616–626. JSTOR ResearchGate Reference page.
Wang, Z.H., Kilian, N., Chen, Y.P. & Peng, H., 2020. Sinoseris (Crepidinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new genus of three species endemic to China, one of them new to science. Willdenowia 50(1): 91-110. DOI: 10.3372/wi.50.50109 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
العربية: هندباوية
català: Cicòria, Lactuceae
español: Lactuceae
日本語: タンポポ連
한국어: 치커리족
македонски: Голици
русский: Цикориевые
中文（简体）: 菊苣族
中文（繁體）: 菊苣族
中文（臺灣）: 菊苣族
中文: 菊苣族
The Cichorieae (also called Lactuceae) are a tribe in the plant family Asteraceae that includes 93 genera, more than 1,600 sexually reproductive species and more than 7,000 apomictic species. They are found primarily in temperate regions of the Eastern Hemisphere.[2] Cichorieae all have milky latex and flowerheads that only contain one type of floret. The genera Gundelia and Warionia only have disk florets, while all other genera only have ligulate florets. The genera that contain most species are Taraxacum (Crepidinae subtribe) with about 1,600 apomictic species, Hieracium with about 770 sexually reproducing and 5,200 apomictic species, and Pilosella with 110 sexually reproducing and 700 apomictic species (both Hieraciinae).[3] Well-known members include lettuce, chicory, dandelion, and salsify.
Description
Most species are herbaceous, perennial, short-lived or annual plants, rarely subshrubs, shrubs or vines. All Cichorieae-species have latex canals in both the roots, stems and leaves, and this occurs to be a unique character among the Asteraceae, although latex as such occurs rather widespread in this family. The leaves are in a rosette or alternately set along the stem, but this is the dominant situation in the Asteraceae. The only exception in the Cichorieae are the opposite lower leaves of Shinnersoseris. Traditionally, the Cichorieae consisted of taxa with flowerheads only containing bisexual ligulate florets (having a strap-shaped corolla with five teeth at its tip), a rare character that is further present only in the genera Catamixis, Glossarion, Hyaloseris (Mutisieae), and Fitchia (Heliantheae). However, recently the genera Gundelia and Warionia have been included in the Cichorieae, and those two genera have heads containing only disk flowers.[3]
Taxonomy
In his Elemens de botanique ou methode pour connoître les plantes of 1694, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort first described this group as a taxonomic unit, calling it the "13th class of the plant kingdom". He only assigned taxa to it that are still regarded part of the Cichorieae today. Sébastien Vaillant gave this group the name "Cichoracées" in 1723. Since the name predates the start of the Linnean nomenclature in 1753, it is not valid, but Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Augustin Pyramus de Candolle used the name Cichorieae in the Synopsis Plantarium in Flora Gallica Descriptarum, published in 1806. The name Lactuceae that was coined by Henri Cassini in 1819, comprises the same group of taxa and is thus a synonym. Obviously, over the centuries since the group was first identified, numerous new taxa have been described that are now included in the Cichorieae, and the group has been divided in different subgroups using various morphological character states by authors such as Cassini, David Don, Christian Friedrich Lessing, A.P. De Candolle, George Bentham and Karl August Otto Hoffmann.[3]
Phylogeny
Genetic analysis has increased the insight in the phylogenetic relationships between the Cichorieae. The following trees together represent those insights.[3]
Subtribes
| tribe Cichorieae |
|
Basal subtribes
| tribe Cichorieae |
|
Chondrillinae, Crepidinae, Hyoseridinae, Hypochaeridinae, Lactucinae
|
Cichoriinae, Hieraciinae and Microseridinae
|
Alphabetic list of genera
Acanthocephalus
Actites
Agoseris
Andryala
Anisocoma
Aposeris
Arnoseris
Atrichoseris
Calycoseris
Catananche
Cephalorrhynchus
Chaetadelpha
Chaetoseris
Chlorocrepis
Chondrilla
Chorisis
Cicerbita
Cichorium
Crepidiastrum
Crepis
Dendroseris
Dubyaea
Embergeria
Epilasia
Erythroseris[4]
Faberia
Faberiopsis
Garhadiolus
Geropogon
Glyptopleura
Gundelia
Hedypnois
Helminthotheca
Heteracia
Heteroderis
Hexinia
Hieracium
Hispidella
Hymenonema
Hyoseris
Hypochaeris
Ixeridium
Ixeris
Kirkianella
Koelpinia
Krigia
Lactuca
Lagedium
Lapsana
Lapsanastrum
Lasiospora
Launaea
Leontodon
Lygodesmia
Malacothrix
Marshalljohnstonia
Microseris
Mulgedium
Munzothamnus
Mycelis
Nabalus
Nothocalais
Notoseris
Paraixeris
Paramicrorhynchus
Paraprenanthes
Parasyncalathium
Phalacroseris
Phitosia
Picris
Pilosella
Pinaropappus
Pleiacanthus
Podospermum
Prenanthella
Prenanthes
Pterachaenia
Pterocypsela
Pyrrhopappus
Rafinesquia
Reichardia
Rhagadiolus
Rothmaleria
Scariola
Scolymus
Scorzonera
Scorzoneroides
Shinnersoseris
Sonchus
Soroseris
Stebbinsia
Stebbinsoseris
Stenoseris
Stephanomeria
Steptorhamphus
Syncalathium
Takhtajaniantha
Taraxacum
Thamnoseris
Tolpis
Tourneuxia
Tragopogon
Uropappus
Urospermum
Warionia
Willemetia
Youngia
References
ICN (Hand, R., Kilian, N. & Raab-Straube, E. von; general editors) 2009- (continuously updated): International Cichorieae Network: Cichorieae Portal. Published on the Internet at http://wp6-cichorieae.e-taxonomy.eu/portal/ Archived 2009-10-22 at the Wayback Machine; accessed 5 Nov 2010
Brouillet, Luc; Barkley, Theodore M.; Strother, John L. (2006). "Cichorieae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (from 1993) (ed.). Flora of North America. Vol. 19. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 214.
Kilian, Norbert; Gemeinholzer, Birgit; Lack, Hans Walter. "24. Cichorieae" (PDF). In Funk, V. A.; Susanna, A.; Stuessy, T. E.; Bayer, R.J. (eds.). Systematics, evolution and biogeography of Compositae. Vienna: International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
Kilian, N.; Gemeinholzer, B. (2007). "Studies in the Compositae of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra – 7. Erythroseris, a new genus and the previously unknown sister group of Cichorium (Cichorieae subtribe Cichoriinae)". Willdenowia. 37: 283–296. doi:10.3372/wi.37.37117. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
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