Anredera cordifolia

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Basellaceae
Genus: Anredera
Species: Anredera cordifolia
Name

Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis, Fl. Males. 5: 303 (1957).
Synonyms

Basionym
Boussingaultia cordifolia Ten., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 19: 355 (1853).
Heterotypic
Anredera americana J.St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 199 (1805).
Boussingaultia gracilis Miers, J. Bot. 2: 161 (1864).
Boussingaultia cordata Spreng., Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 20: 207 (1895).
Boussingaultia gracilis f. pseudobaselloides Hauman, Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 33: 356 (1925).
Boussingaultia gracilis f. typica Hauman, Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 33: 355 (1925), not validly publ.
Boussingaultia gracilis var. pseudobaselloides (Hauman) L.H.Bailey, Gentes Herbarum 8: 80 (1949).
Anredera cordifolia subsp. gracilis (Miers) Xifreda & Argimón, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 1245 (1999).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Southern America
Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman), S-Brazil (Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Guaira, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro), Uruguay (Artigas, Colonia, Montevideo, Rio Negro, Salto, Soriano), Peru, Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija), SE-Brazil (Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Steenis, C.G.G.J. van, 1957. Fl. Males. 5: 303
USDA, NRCS. 2006. The PLANTS Database, 6 March 2006 (http://plants.usda.gov). Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2017. Anredera cordifolia in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2017 May 17. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Anredera cordifolia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Apr. 10. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Anredera cordifolia. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 10 2019.
The Plant List 2013. Anredera cordifolia in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Apr. 10.
Tropicos.org 2019. Anredera cordifolia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 10 Apr. 2019.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Anredera cordifolia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Madeirawein, Basellkartoffel
English: Madeira Vine
español: Enredadera del Mosquito, Brotal, Enredadera Papa, Zarza, Papilla
suomi: Mukulapinaatti

Anredera cordifolia, commonly known as the Madeira-vine[1] or mignonette vine,[2] is a South American species of ornamental succulent vine of the family Basellaceae. The combination of fleshy leaves and thick aerial tubers makes this a very heavy vine. It smothers trees and other vegetation it grows on and can easily break branches and bring down entire trees on its own.[3]

Description
Vine trailing on fence with its tail-like flowers
In a woodland

Anredera cordifolia is an evergreen climber that grows from fleshy rhizomes. It has bright green, heart-shaped, fleshy shiny leaves 4–13 cm long. Wart-like tubers are produced on aerial stems and are a key to identifying the plant.

From late summer to autumn, it produces masses of small, fragrant, cream-coloured flowers on dependent racemes, which may be up to 30 cm (12 in) in length. The plant spreads via the tubers, which detach very easily.[3]
Reproduction

Anredera cordifolia can reproduce through the proliferation of tubers and also from rhizome fragments that may be broken off. Although this species has both male and female flowers they rarely reproduce sexually and produce seed. This species often spreads through its own vegetative growth, but can easily be transported by human activities. If fragments end up in waterways, they are easily transported to new locations in this manner.[3]

Seedlings were found well away from habitation, roads and streams in Australia from 1988 onwards, leading to the conclusion that the species produces seeds there.[4]
Range

It is native to Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina in South America. It has been introduced to Africa, the Australasia–Pacific region, Europe, and North America; it is considered an invasive species in many tropical and sub-tropical localities.[3]
Invasiveness

Madeira vine can climb 40 m into the tree canopy, smothering and collapsing mature trees.[5] It is listed on the New Zealand National Pest Plant Accord, which limits its cultivation and sale. The Australian Weeds Committee published a Draft Madeira Vine Strategy in August 2012,[6] which is aimed at preventing the spread and reducing the impacts of this vine throughout Australia.[7]

Mature vines are controlled using the "scrape and paint" method, where the bark is scraped to expose the cambium layer and painted with herbicide. Follow-up three times a year or more is required. Controlling Madeira vine requires exhaustion of the tuber bank. Foliar spraying of glyphosate 360g/L at 1% concentration can manage prostrate growth and newly emerged vines.[5]
References

BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
Bailey, L.H., Bailey, E.Z., and the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan, New York.
Wolff, Mark A. (1999). Winning the war of Weeds: The Essential Gardener's Guide to Weed Identification and Control. Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. p. 53. ISBN 0-86417-993-6.
Swarbrick, J. T. (1999). "Seedling production by Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia)" (PDF). Plant Protection Quarterly. 14 (1): 38–39. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
"Weed Management Guide: Madeira Vine" (PDF). Australian Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-26. Retrieved 2015-01-27.
"Consultation draft – National Madeira Vine Strategic Plan August 2012" (PDF). Commonwealth of Australia and the Australian Weeds Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2012.

"Weed Identification - Australia - Madeira Vine". Weeds Australia. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2012.

Further reading
Pink, A. (2004). Gardening for the Million. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). Anredera cordifolia
"Weeds - Madeira Vine". Brisbane Rainforest Action & Information Network. Archived from the original on 23 August 2006. Retrieved 19 November 2012.