Cuphea

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Panicoideae
Tribus: Andropogoneae
Subtribus: Andropogoninae – Anthistiriinae – Apludinae – Arthraxoninae – Chionachninae – Chrysopogoninae – Germainiinae – Ischaeminae – Ratzeburgiinae – Rhytachninae – Rottboelliinae – Saccharinae – Sorghinae – Tripsacinae – incertae sedis

Genera: Agenium - Anadelphia - Andropogon - Andropterum - Apluda - Apocopis - Arthraxon - Asthenochloa - Bhidea - Bothriochloa - Capillipedium - Chasmopodium - Chionachne - Chrysopogon - Clausospicula - Cleistachne - Coix - Cymbopogon - Dichanthium - Diheteropogon - Dimeria - Elionurus - Elymandra - Eremochloa - Erianthus - Eriochrysis - Euclasta - Eulalia - Eulaliopsis - Exotheca - Germainia - Glyphochloa - Hemarthria - Hemisorghum - Heteropogon - Homozeugos - Hyparrhenia - Hyperthelia - Imperata - Ischaemum - Iseilema - Kerriochloa - Lasiurus - Lophopogon - Loxodera - Manisuris - Microstegium - Miscanthus - Mnesithea - Monocymbium - Ophiuros - Oxyrhachis - Parahyparrhenia - Phacelurus - Pogonachne - Pogonatherum - Polliniopsis - Polytoca - Polytrias - Pseudanthistiria - Pseudodichanthium - Pseudopogonatherum - Pseudosorghum - Rhytachne - Rottboellia - Rubimons - Saccharum - Schizachyrium - Sclerachne - Sclerostachya - Sehima - Sorghastrum - Sorghum - Spathia - Spodiopogon - Thaumastochloa - Thelepogon - Themeda - Trachypogon - Trilobachne - Triplopogon - Tripsacum - Urelytrum - Vossia - ZeaGenera: Agenium – Anadelphia – Andropogon – Andropterum – Apluda – Apocopis – Arthraxon – Asthenochloa – Bhidea – Bothriochloa – Capillipedium – Chasmopodium – Chionachne – Chrysopogon – Clausospicula – Cleistachne – Coix – Cymbopogon – Dichanthium – Diheteropogon – Dimeria – Elionurus – Elymandra – Eremochloa – Erianthus – Eriochrysis – Euclasta – Eulalia – Eulaliopsis – Exotheca – Germainia – Glyphochloa – Hemarthria – Hemisorghum – Heteropholis – Heteropogon – Homozeugos – Hyparrhenia – Hyperthelia – Imperata – Ischaemum – Iseilema – Kerriochloa – Lakshmia – Lasiurus – Lophopogon – Loxodera – Manisuris – Microstegium – Miscanthus – Mnesithea – Monocymbium – Ophiuros – Oxyrhachis – Parahyparrhenia – Phacelurus – Pogonachne – Pogonatherum – Polytoca – Polytrias – Pseudanthistiria – Pseudodichanthium – Pseudopogonatherum – Pseudosorghum – Ratzeburgia – Rhytachne – Rottboellia – Saccharum – Schizachyrium – Sehima – Sorghastrum – Sorghum – Spathia – Spodiopogon – Thaumastochloa – Thelepogon – Themeda – Trachypogon – Trilobachne – Tripidium – Triplopogon – Tripsacum – Urelytrum – Veldkampia – Vossia – Zea

Name

Andropogoneae Dumort., Observ. Gramin. Belg. 84, 90, 141. (1824)

Type genus: Andropogon Sp. Pl. 2: 1045. (1753)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Sacchareae Martinov Tekhno-Bot. Slovar. 556. (1820) nom. illeg. as a tribe.
Sacchareae Dumort. (1824)
Coiceae Nakai (1943)
Euchlaeneae Nakai (1943)
Imperateae Godr.& Gren. (1855)
Maydeae Dumort. (1824) nom. illeg.
Ophiureae Dumort. (1824)
Rottboellieae Kunth (1829)
Tripsaceae C.E. Hubb. ex Nakai (1943)
Zeeae Rchb. UNRANKED (1828)
Zeeae Nakai (1943)

References
Primary references

Dumortier, B.C.J. 1824. Observations sur les Graminees de la Flore Belgique. 153 pp. 16 pl. Tournay. BHL Reference page. : 84, 90, 141. BHL

Additional references

Kellogg, E.A. 2013. Phylogenetic Relationships of Saccharinae and Sorghinae, Genomics of the Saccharinae in Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models Volume 11, pp 3-21.
Morrone,O., Aagesen, L., Scataglini, M.A., Salariato, D., Denham, S., Chemisquy, M.A., Sede, S.M., Giussani, L., Kellogg, E.A. & Zuloaga, F.O. (2011) Phylogeny of the Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae): integrating plastid DNA sequences and morphology into a new classification. Cladistics 27: 1–24. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00384.x
Sánchez-Ken, G.J. & Clark, L.G. 2010. Phylogeny and a new tribal classification of the Panicoideeae s.l. (Poaceae) based upon plastid and nuclear sequence data and structural data. American Journal of Botany 97(10): 1732–1748. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000024 Open access Reference page.
Soreng, R.J., Davidse, G., Peterson, P.M., Zuloaga, F.O., Judziewicz, E.J., Filgueiras, T.S., Morrone, O. & Komaschenko, K. [2000 onwards.] World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae). Catalogue of New World Grasses, Tropicos Project 10. Website. Reference page.
Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Zuloaga, F.O., Judziewicz, E.J., Filgueiras, T.S., Davis, J.I. & Morrone, O. 2015. A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 53(2): 117–137. DOI: 10.1111/jse.12150 Paywall PDF. Reference page.
Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. & Zuloaga, F.O. 2017. A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 55(4): 259–290. DOI: 10.1111/jse.12262 Open access ResearchGate Reference page.
Welker, C.A., Kellogg, E.A. & Prado, J. 2014. Andropogoneae versus Sacchareae (Poaceae: Panicoideae): The end of a great controversy. Taxon, 63(3), 643-646. DOI: 10.12705/633.5 Full text PDF from ResearchGate
Welker, C.A., McKain, M.R., Vorontsova, M.S., Peichoto, M.C. & Kellogg, E.A. 2019. Plastome phylogenomics of sugarcane and relatives confirms the segregation of the genus Tripidium (Poaceae: Andropogoneae). Taxon 68(2): 246-267. DOI: 10.1002/tax.12030 Paywall ResearchGate Reference page.
Welker, C.A., McKain, M.R., Estep, M.C., Pasquet, R.S., Chipabika, G., Pallangyo, B. & Kellogg, E.A. 2020. Phylogenomics enables biogeographic analysis and a new subtribal classification of Andropogoneae (Poaceae—Panicoideae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution DOI: 10.1111/jse.12691 Open access Reference page.

Links

International Plant Names Index. 2022. Andropogoneae. Published online. Accessed: Sept. 21 2022.
Tropicos.org 2013. Andropogoneae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 3 Oct. 2013.

Vernacular names
مصرى: سفوناوية
العربية: سفوناويه
català: Andropogònies
한국어: 나도솔새족
മലയാളം: ആൻഡ്രോപോഗോണി
中文: 蜀黍族

The Andropogoneae, sometimes called the sorghum tribe, are a large tribe of grasses (family Poaceae) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as maize (corn), sugarcane, and sorghum.[2] All species in this tribe use C4 carbon fixation, which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions.[3]

Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae together with its sister group Arundinelleae. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved (incertae sedis). Hybridisation was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systematics is still not completely resolved.[3]
Description

Spikelets within the inflorescence (flower cluster) are generally arranged on spicate racemes in pairs. A fertile, unstalked spikelet is subtended by a sterile, stalked spikelet. In species where awns are present they are found on the fertile, unstalked spikelet as an extension of the lemma.[4]
Subtribes and genera

Classification following Soreng et al. (2017).[1]

incertae sedis

Apluda
Chrysopogon (syn. Vetiveria)
Eulaliopsis
Microstegium (syn. Ischnochloa)
Sehima
Thelepogon

Arthraxoninae

Arthraxon

Tripsacinae

Elionurus
Oxyrhachis
Rhytachne
Tripsacum
Urelytrum
Vossia
Zea (syn. Euchlaena)

Chionachninae

Chionachne
Cyathorhachis
Polytoca
Sclerachne
Trilobachne

Coicinae

Coix

Rottboelliinae

Chasmopodium
Eremochloa
Glyphochloa
Hackelochloa
Hemarthria
Heteropholis
Jardinea
Lasiurus
Loxodera
Manisuris
Mnesithea
Ophiuros
Phacelurus (syn. Thyrsia)
Ratzeburgia
Rottboellia (syn. Coelorachis)
Thaumastochloa

Ischaeminae

Andropterum
Dimeria
Ischaemum
Kerriochloa
Nanooravia
Pogonachne
Triplopogon

Germainiinae

Apocopis
Germainia
Lophopogon
Pogonatherum

Saccharinae

Agenium
Asthenochloa
Cleistachne
Erianthus
Eriochrysis (syn. Leptosaccharum)
Euclasta (syn. Indochloa)
Eulalia
Hemisorghum (syn. of Sorghum?)
Homozeugos
Imperata
Lasiorhachis
Leptatherum (syn. Polliniopsis)
Miscanthidium
Miscanthus (syn. Diadranthus, Rubomons, Triarrhena, Tenacistachya)
Narenga
Polytrias
Pseudodichanthium
Pseudopogonatherum
Pseudosorghum (syn. of Eulalia?)
Saccharum
Sclerostachya
Sorghastrum
Sorghum (syn. Sarga, Vacoparis)
Trachypogon
Tripidium
Veldkampia

Andropogoninae

Anadelphia
Andropogon (syn. Hypogynium)
Bhidea
Bothriochloa
Capillipedium
Clausospicula
Cymbopogon
Dichanthium
Diectomis
Diheteropogon
Elymandra
Eremopogon
Exotheca
Heteropogon
Hyparrhenia
Hyperthelia
Iseilema
Lakshimia
Monocymbium
Parahyparrhenia
Pseudanthistiria
Schizachyrium
Spathia
Spodiopogon (syn. Eccoilopus)
Themeda

References

Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Teisher, Jordan K.; Clark, Lynn G.; Barberá, Patricia; Gillespie, Lynn J.; Zuloaga, Fernando O. (2017). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 55 (4): 259–290. doi:10.1111/jse.12262. ISSN 1674-4918.
Also called "kaoliang": "Shensi", in The Columbia-Viking Encyclopedia (1953), New York: Viking. Another spelling is "gaoliang."
Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Judziewicz, Emmet J.; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.; Davis, Jerrold I.; Morrone, Osvaldo (2015). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (2): 117–137. doi:10.1111/jse.12150. ISSN 1674-4918. open access
Skendzic, Elizabeth; Columbus, J. Travis; Rosa, Cerros-Tlatilpa (2007). "Phylogenetics of Andropogoneae (Poaceae: Panicoideae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer and Chloroplast trnL–F Sequences". Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany. 23 (1): 530–544. doi:10.5642/aliso.20072301.40. Retrieved 14 April 2020.open access