Ajuga

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Lamiaceae
Subfamilia: Ajugoideae
Genus: Ajuga
Overview of species

A. arabica – A. australis – A. austroiranica – A. bombycina – A. boninsimae – A. brachystemon – A. campylantha – A. campylanthoides – A. chamaecistus – A. chamaepitys - A. chasmophila – A. ciliata – A. davisiana – A. decaryana – A. decumbens – A. dictyocarpa – A. flaccida – A. forrestii – A. genevensis – A. grandiflora – A. incisa – A. integrifolia – A. iva – A. japonica – A. laxmannii – A. leucantha – A. linearifolia – A. lobata – A. lupulina – A. macrosperma – A. makinoi – A. mollis – A. multiflora – A. nipponensis – A. novoguineensis – A. nubigena – A. oblongata – A. oocephala – A. ophrydis – A. orientalis – A. ovalifolia – A. pantantha – A. parviflora – A. piskoi – A. postii – A. pygmaea – A. pyramidalis – A. relicta – A. reptans – A. robusta – A. salicifolia – A. saxicola – A. sciaphila – A. shikotanensis – A. sinuata – A. spectabilis – A. taiwanensis – A. tenorei – A. turkestanica – A. vesiculifera – A. vestita – A. xylorrhiza – A. yesoensis – A. zakhoensis
Nothospecies

A. × adulterina – A. × bastarda – A. × borbasiana – A. × hybrida – A. × mixta – A. × pseudopyramidalis
Name

Ajuga L. Sp. Pl. 2: 561 1753; Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 246. (1754).

Lectotype species (designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 3: 101. 1913): Ajuga reptans L., Sp. Pl. 2: 561. 1753 (invalid; Art. 10.6 ICN)
Lectotype species (designated by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 164. Aug 1929): Ajuga pyramidalis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 561. 1753.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Bugula Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754)
Chamaepitys Hill, Brit. Herb.: 371 (1756)
Moscharia Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 158 (1775)
Phleboanthe Tausch, Flora 11: 322 (1828)
Abiga St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 85 (1880)
Rosenbachia Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 613 (1886)
Bulga Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 512 (1891)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden.
Middle Europe
Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
Southwestern Europe
Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
Eastern Europe
Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
Macaronesia
Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira.
West-Central Tropical Africa
Zaïre.
Northeast Tropical Africa
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan.
East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
Southern Africa
Cape Provinces, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Swaziland, Northern Provinces.
Western Indian Ocean
Madagascar.
Asia-Temperate
Siberia
Chita.
Russian Far East
Amur, Kuril Islands, Primorye.
Middle Asia
Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan.
Caucasus
North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
Western Asia
Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
Arabian Peninsula
Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
China
China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet.
Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Ogasawara-shoto, Taiwan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
Indo-China
Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi.
Papuasia
New Guinea.
Australasia
Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 561. Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5: 246. Reference page.

Additional references

Britton, N.L. & Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. ed. 2. C. Scribner's sons, New York. Vol. 3: 101. Reference page.
Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. 1929. Standard species of Linnaean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). pp. 111–195 in International Botanical Congress. Cambridge (England), 1930. Nomenclature. Proposals by British Botanists. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Biblioteca Digital Reference page.
Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types. London: Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, ISBN 978-0-9506207-7-0, p. 273. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Ajuga in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 March 2. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Ajuga in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 March 2. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Ajuga. Published online. Accessed: 2 March 2019.
The Plant List 2013. Ajuga in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 March 2.
Tropicos.org 2019. Ajuga. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 March 2.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Ajuga in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2019 March 16.

Vernacular names

العربية: عجوقة
azərbaycanca: Dirçək
беларуская: Гарлянка
čeština: Zběhovec
dansk: Læbeløs
Deutsch: Günsel
English: Bugleweed
eesti: Akakapsas
فارسی: لبدیسی
suomi: Akankaalit
français: Bugle
Gaeilge: Glasair choille
עברית: חד-שפה
hrvatski: Ivica
hornjoserbsce: Zběhowc
日本語: キランソウ属
қазақша: Иістішөп
lietuvių: Vaisgina
norsk bokmål: Jonsokkollslekta
Nederlands: Zenegroen
norsk nynorsk: Jonsokkollslekta
polski: Dąbrówka
русский: Живучка
slovenčina: Zbehovec
svenska: Sugor
Türkçe: Mayasıl otu
українська: Горлянка
粵語: 老鼠鬚
中文: 筋骨草属

Ajuga /əˈdʒuːɡə/,[4] also known as bugleweed,[5] ground pine,[6] carpet bugle, or just bugle, is a genus of 40 species annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants[7] in the Ajugeae tribe of the mint family Lamiaceae, with most species native to Europe, Asia,[8] and Africa, but also two species in southeastern Australia.[3] They grow to 5–50 cm tall, with opposite leaves.[9]
Species

Species accepted within Ajuga include:[3]

Ajuga arabica P.H.Davis – Saudi Arabia
Ajuga australis R.Br. - Australia
Ajuga bombycina Boiss. – Aegean Islands, Turkey
Ajuga boninsimae Maxim. – Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands of Japan)
Ajuga brachystemon Maxim. – Uttarakhand, Nepal, northern India
Ajuga campylantha Diels – Yunnan
Ajuga campylanthoides C.Y.Wu & C.Chen – Tibet, central China
Ajuga chamaecistus Ging. ex Benth. – Iran, Afghanistan
Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. – central + southern Europe, central + southwestern Asia
Ajuga chasmophila P.H.Davis – Syria
Ajuga ciliata Bunge – China, Korea, Japan
Ajuga davisiana Kit Tan & Yildiz – Turkey
Ajuga decaryana Danguy ex R.A.Clement – Madagascar
Ajuga decumbens Thunb. – decumbent bugle[10] – China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands
Ajuga dictyocarpa Hayata – - China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands
Ajuga fauriei H.Lév. & Vaniot – Korea
Ajuga flaccida Baker – Madagascar
Ajuga forrestii Diels – China, Tibet, Nepal
Ajuga genevensis L. – central + southern Europe, Caucasus; naturalized in North America
Ajuga grandiflora Stapf – South Australia
Ajuga incisia Maxim – Honshu Island in Japan
Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. – central + eastern Africa, southern Asia (Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, China, Indonesia, etc.), New Guinea
Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. – Mediterranean region from Canary Islands and Madeira to Turkey and Palestine
Ajuga japonica Miq. – Japan
Ajuga laxmannii (Murray) Benth. – southeastern Europe from Czech Republic to Greece; Turkey, Caucasus
Ajuga leucantha Lukhoba – Uganda, DRoC, Ethiopia
Ajuga linearifolia Pamp. – China
Ajuga lobata D.Don – China, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar
Ajuga lupulina Maxim. - China, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam
Ajuga macrosperma Wall. ex Benth. – China, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, northern + eastern India, northern Indochina
Ajuga makinoi Nakai – Honshu Island in Japan
Ajuga mollis Gladkova – Crimea
Ajuga multiflora Bunge – Korean pyramid bugle[10] – China, Korea, Chita region of Siberia, Amur, Primorye
Ajuga nipponensis Makino – China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan
Ajuga novoguineensis A.J.Paton & R.J.Johns – New Guinea
Ajuga nubigena Diels – Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
Ajuga oblongata M.Bieb. – Iraq, Caucasus
Ajuga oocephala Baker – Madagascar
Ajuga ophrydris Burch. ex Benth. – South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho
Ajuga orientalis L. – eastern Mediterranean
Ajuga ovalifolia Bureau & Franch. – China
Ajuga palaestina - Palestine (Region), Turkey[11]
Ajuga pantantha Hand.-Mazz. – Yunnan
Ajuga parviflora Benth. – Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India, Nepal
Ajuga piskoi Degen & Bald. – Albania, Yugoslavia
Ajuga postii Briq. – Turkey
Ajuga pygmaea A.Gray – China, Japan, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands
Ajuga pyramidalis L. – central + southern Europe
Ajuga relicta P.H.Davis – Turkey
Ajuga reptans L. – Europe, Algeria, Tunisia, Iran, Turkey, Caucasus; naturalized in New Zealand, North America, and Venezuela
Ajuga robusta Baker – Madagascar
Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreb. – Balkans, Crimea, southern Russia, Turkey
Ajuga saxicola Assadi & Jamzad – Iran
Ajuga sciaphila W.W.Sm..- southwestern China
Ajuga shikotanensis Miyabe & Tatew – Japan, Kuril Islands
Ajuga sinuata R.Br. – New South Wales
Ajuga spectabilis Nakai – Korean bugle[10] – Korea
Ajuga taiwanensis Nakai ex Murata – Taiwa, Ryukyu Islands, Philippines
Ajuga tenorii C.Presl in J.S.Presl & C.B.Presl – Italy
Ajuga turkestanica (Regel) Briq. – Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Ajuga vesiculifera Herder – Kyrgyzstan
Ajuga vestita Boiss. – Turkey, Iran
Ajuga xylorrhiza Kit Tan – Turkey
Ajuga yesoensis Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav. – Japan
Ajuga zakhoensis Rech.f. – Iraq

Gallery

Blue bugle (Ajuga genevensis)

Common bugle from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, 1885

Color specimen of Ajuga nipponica Makino, 1962

References

"Ajuga". Index Nominum Genericorum. International Association for Plant Taxonomy. 1996-02-09. Retrieved 2008-06-04.
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (2004-09-10). "Genus: Ajuga L." Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 2009-05-19. Retrieved 2008-06-04.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607; OED: "Ajuga"
Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan, New York.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online, retrieved February 04, 2010
Hay, R. (editor)second edition. 1978. Reader's Digest Encyclopedia of Garden Plants and Flowers The Reader's Digest Association Limited, London
"Ajuga". Flora of China.
C. F. Leyel (1946). Compassionate Herbs. Faber and Faber Limited.
English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 345. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
"Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. Palaestina (Boiss.) Bornm".