Cladus: Eukaryota Paracetopsis is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Cetopsidae. It includes three species, P. atahualpa, P. bleekeri, and P. esmeraldas.[1][2] Distribution Paracetopsis species are known from rivers of the Pacific Ocean versant. P. atahualpa is only known from the Pacific Ocean versant Tumbes River basin in northwestern Peru and the adjoining upper reaches of the Zarumilla River basin in southwestern Ecuador. P. bleekeri is only known from the Pacific Ocean versant Guayas River and Santa Rosa River basins of southwestern Ecuador. P. esmeraldas occurs in the Pacific Ocean versant rivers of northwestern Ecuador.[1] Description Paracetopsis species can be distinguished from species of all other genera in the Cetopsinae by the combination of the possession of a vomerine tooth patch with two or more rows of teeth and a medial gap between the contralateral components of the tooth patch.[1] Like in other species of cetopsines, mature males have elongated distal filaments of the dorsal and pectoral fin rays and a convex (instead of straight) margin to the anal fin.[1] The body is relatively elongate; anteriorly the body is not compressed much, but becomes progressively compressed posteriorly. The lateral line is complete and midlateral; though unbranched in P. bleekeri and P. esmeraldas, in P. atahualpa the lateral line has a few ventrally-direct branches on the caudal peduncle. The dorsal profile is straight to slightly convex; the ventral profile is convex at the abdomen and straight posteriorly. The caudal peduncle depth is approximately equal to its length. The head in profile is acutely triangular overall with a bluntly rounded snout. The eyes are placed on the sides of the head and are visible from above, but not from below. The mouth is inferior and the width is about one-half the length of the head. They have three pairs of barbels, one pair of slender maxillary barbels and two pairs of mental barbels; all three pairs of barbels are approximately the same length. The caudal fin is moderately- to deeply-forked and symmetrical with the tips of the lobes slightly rounded. The base of the anal fin is comparatively long. The pelvic fins are also usually moderately long.[1] P. atahualpa has shorter pelvic fins and is darker in colour than P. bleekeri. P. atahualpa has a maxillary barbel with a distinctly dark base instead of a pale base and a distinct notch behind the head that is not present in P. esmeraldas. Both P. atahualpa and P. esmeraldas have a distinct patch of pigment on the operculum not present in P. bleekeri.[1] References 1. ^ a b c d e f Vari, Richard P.; Ferraris, Carl J.; de Pinna, Mário C. C. (2005). "The Neotropical whale catfishes (Siluriformes: Cetopsidae: Cetopsinae), a revisionary study" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 3 (2): 127–238. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000200001. http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num2/Artigo01P127-238lr.pdf.
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