Gonorynchiformes

Cladus: Eukaryota
Supergroup: Opisthokonta
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Osteichthyes
Classis: Actinopterygii
Subclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Superordo: Ostariophysi
Ordo: Gonorynchiformes
Familiae: Chanidae - Gonorynchidae - Kneriidae - Phractolaemidae

Vernacular names
Internationalization
日本語: ネズミギス目

References

* FishBase link : ordo Gonorynchiformes (Mirror site)

Gonorynchiformes is an order of ray-finned fish that includes the important food source, the milkfish (Chanos chanos, family Chanidae), and a number of lesser-known types, both marine and freshwater.

The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official.

Gonorynchiformes have small mouths and no teeth. They are the sole group in the clade Anotophysi, a subgroup of the superorder Ostariophysi. They are characterized by a primitive Weberian apparatus formed by the first three vertebrae and one or more cephalic ribs within the head. This apparatus is believed to be a hearing organ, and is found in a more advanced and complex form in the related cypriniform fish, such as carp.[1] Also like the cypriniforms, the gonorynchiforms produce a substance from their skin when injured that dissolves into the water and acts an alarm signal to other fish.[2]

Taxonomy

Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. Here is a listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes including fossil fish with a short description.[1] They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are.

Order Sorbininardiformes (extinct)

Family Sorbininardidae (extinct)

Sorbininardus (extinct) - sister group to all other Gonorynchiformes

Order Gonorynchiformes

Suborder Chanoidei

Aethalinopsis (extinct) - sister group to Chanidae from Early Cretaceous.

Family Chanidae - milkfishes

Subfamily Rubiesichthyinae (extinct)

Gordichthys (extinct) - Early Cretaceous Chanid
Rubiesichthys (extinct) - Early Cretaceous Chanid

Subfamily Chaninae

Chanos
Dastilbe (extinct) - Early Cretaceous Chanid
Parachanos (extinct) - Early Cretaceous Chanid
Tharrhias (extinct) - Early Cretaceous Chanid

Suborder Gonorynchoidei - beaked sandfishes

Apulichthys (extinct) - primitive sister group to Gonorynchoids.

Family Gonorynchidae

Notogoneus (extinct) - from North America, Europe, Australia; some freshwater; Late Cretaceous to Oligocene; sister group to Gonorynchus
Charitosomus (extinct) - Cretaceous Gonorynchid
Judeichthys (extinct)
Ramallichthys (extinct)
Charitopsis (extinct)
Gonorynchus

Suborder Knerioidei

Family Kneriidae

Cromeria
Grasseichthys
Kneria
Parakneria

Family Phractolaemidae

Phractolaemus

References

1. ^ a b Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. ISBN 0471250317.
2. ^ Banister, Keith F. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N.. ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.